Fluency in Future Focus

Abstract

The current research sheds new light on how individuals can best use the consideration of future outcomes as a self-control strategy to enhance their likelihood of goal attainment. Across three studies, the authors find that the effectiveness of positively versus negatively valenced outcome elaboration is dependent upon the construal level at which the potential outcomes are considered. This research demonstrates that positive outcome elaboration is more effective when it is abstract, whereas negative outcome elaboration is more effective when it is concrete. Moreover, the authors explore the process underlying these effects and demonstrate that the increased effectiveness of matching the outcomes' valence and construal level is due to outcome elaboration fluency, as increased ease of generating outcomes that are positive and abstract or negative and concrete promotes more effective self-control.Keywords elaboration on potential outcomes, positive and negative outcomes, abstract and concrete construal, self-control, processing fluency

The Effectiveness of Using Figure on Physics Learning Results in Topics of Temperature and Calor

“…Props in the form of concrete objects that can be moved and not be presented in the form of textbooks [17]. Props are tools used to display certain facts, concepts, principles and procedures to make them concrete (Nenkov et al, 2014). Furthermore, educational tools become factors that intentionally used to achieve educational goals.…”