Fluctuations of conserved charges in relativistic heavy ion collisions: An introduction

Asakawa, Masayuki; Kitazawa, Masakiyo

doi:10.1016/j.ppnp.2016.04.002

Cited by 115 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 218 publications

(464 reference statements)

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“…However, the topological structure of kurtosis of density fluctuation is universal for a system with a first-order phase transition and a critical point [51]. As for how the critical fluctuations propagates, it involves the dynamics of fluctuation in an expanding system [52][53][54]. More investigations on hydrodynamics and non-equilibrium effect are needed for the critical fluctuations [55,56].…”

Section: Kurtosis and Skewness Of Baryon Number Fluctuationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baryon number fluctuations and the phase structure in the PNJL model

et al. 2018

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We investigate the kurtosis and skewness of netbaryon number fluctuations in the Polyakov loop extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model, and discuss the relations between fluctuation distributions and the phase structure of quark-gluon matter. The calculation shows that the traces of chiral and deconfinement transitions can be effectively reflected by the kurtosis and skewness of net-baryon number fluctuations not only in the critical region but also in the crossover region. The contour plot of baryon number kurtosis derived in the PNJL model can qualitatively explain the behavior of net-proton number kurtosis in the STAR beam energy scan experiments. Moreover, the three-dimensional presentations of the kurtosis and skewness in this study are helpful to understand the relations between baryon number fluctuations and QCD phase structure.

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Section: Kurtosis and Skewness Of Baryon Number Fluctuationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baryon number fluctuations and the phase structure in the PNJL model

et al. 2018

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“…They are given by the derivatives of pressure P by chemical potential µ at constant temperature T , see e.g. [71,77] …”

Section: Fluctuations Of Primary Pionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluctuations as a test of chemical nonequilibrium at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Begun

2016

Phys. Rev. C

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It is shown that large chemical potential leads to the significant increase of multiplicity fluctuations for bosons, and makes the fluctuations infinite in the case of Bose-Einstein condensation. It allows to distinguish between the models that explain the anomalous proton to pion ratio and the low transverse momentum enhancement of pion spectra in Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC within chemical equilibrium or non-equilibrium models. The effects of resonance decays, finite size of the system, requirements to the event statistics, different momentum cuts, and limited detector acceptance are considered. The obtained results show the possibility to observe a substantial increase of the normalized kurtosis for positively or negatively charged pions in the case of non-equilibrium or partial pion condensation using currently measured data.

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“…This may not be too surprising as HRG model calculations are not expected to give an accurate description of the thermodynamics of strong interaction matter, described by QCD. However, these experimental findings raise the question whether the observed pattern seen in net proton-number fluctuations can be understood in terms of QCD thermodynamics, which provides information on net baryon-number fluctuations in equilibrium [13], or whether other effects such as acceptance cuts, limited efficiencies, and rapidity dependence [14][15][16][17][18], or nonequilibrium effects [19][20][21][22], are responsible for these differences (for a recent review see [23]). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%