Skewness and kurtosis of net baryon-number distributions at small values of the baryon chemical potential

Bazavov, A.; Ding, Heng-Tong; Hegde, Prasad; Kaczmarek, Olaf; Karsch, Frithjof; Laermann, Edwin; Mukherjee, Swagato; Ohno, Hiroshi; Petreczky, Péter; Rinaldi, Enrico; Sandmeyer, Hauke; Schmidt, Christian; Schroeder, Chris; Sharma, Sayantan; Soeldner, W.; Soltz, R. A.; Steinbrecher, Patrick; Vranas, Pavlos

doi:10.1103/physrevd.96.074510

Cited by 85 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…From the first BES at RHIC, the STAR collaboration extracted results for the net-proton number fluctuations M P , σ 2 P , S P , and κ P [61,62], which can be used as a proxy for fluctuations of the net baryon number. The data suggest a number of interesting tendencies, which are drastically different from results of HRG model calculations, but agree with results from lattice QCD [42,43,63] obtained for small baryon chemical potential. As already mentioned in the introduction, it is the purpose of this paper to provide theoretical results for larger chemical potential in the framework of functional approaches to QCD.…”

Section: Fluctuationssupporting

confidence: 74%

Baryon number fluctuations in the QCD phase diagram from Dyson-Schwinger equations

et al. 2019

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We present results for fluctuations of the baryon number for QCD at non-zero temperature and chemical potential. These are extracted from solutions to a coupled set of truncated Dyson-Schwinger equations for the quark and gluon propagators of Landau gauge QCD with N f = 2 + 1 quark flavors, that has been studied previously. We discuss the changes of fluctuations and ratios thereof up to fourth order for several temperatures and baryon chemical potential up to and beyond the critical end point. In the context of preliminary STAR data for the skewness and kurtosis ratios, the results are compatible with the scenario of a critical end point at large chemical potential and slightly offset from the freeze-out line. We also discuss the caveats involved in this comparison.

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Section: Fluctuationssupporting

confidence: 74%

Baryon number fluctuations in the QCD phase diagram from Dyson-Schwinger equations

et al. 2019

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“…This is the characteristic experimental signature of the critical point we are looking for in the heavy-ion collision experiment. Theoretically, the properties of QCD phase diagram at finite baryon density and the signatures of conserved charge fluctuations near the QCD critical point have been extensively studied by various model calculations, such as Lattice QCD [10,[18][19][20][21][22]98], NJL, PNJL model [99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106], PQM, FRG model [107][108][109], Dyson-Schwinger Equation (DSE) method [110][111][112][113], chiral hydrodynamics [114] and other effective models [94, [115][116][117][118][119]. However, one should keep in mind that the above results are under the assumption of thermal equilibrium with infinite and static medium.…”

Section: Beam Energy Dependence Of the Higher-order Cumulants Of Net-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermodynamically the first-order phase boundary line must end at finite baryonic density, this is the illusive QCD critical point (CP). Again, recent Lattice calculations have concluded that the QCD critical is 'unfavored' [10,11] when µ B /T < 2.5. The red-line is the chemical freeze-out curve extracted from the measured hadron yields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Study of the Properties of the QCD Phase Diagram in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions

Luo

Shi

et al. 2020

Particles

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With the aim of understanding the phase structure of nuclear matter created in high-energy nuclear collisions at finite baryon density, a beam energy scan program has been carried out at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). In this mini-review, most recent experimental results on collectivity, criticality and heavy flavor productions will be discussed. The goal here is to establish the connection between current available data and future heavy-ion collision experiments in a high baryon density region.Particles 2020, xx, 5 0 -5% 60 -80% 0 -5% Au+Au at RHIC Pb+Pb at LHC A. Andronic, et al., NPA834, 237(10) J. Cleymans, et al., PRC73, 34905(06) Lattice fits

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“…The ability of the CEM-formalism to calculate baryon number susceptibilities to very high order provides a unique opportunity to analyze the radius of convergence of the Taylor expansion of the QCD pressure, [21,22] and HotQCD [23,24] …”

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confidence: 99%

Cluster expansion model for QCD baryon number fluctuations: No phase transition at μB/T<π

et al. 2018

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A cluster expansion model (CEM), representing a relativistic extension of Mayer's cluster expansion, is constructed to study baryon number fluctuations in QCD. The temperature dependent first two coefficients, corresponding to the partial pressures in the baryon number B ¼ 1 and B ¼ 2 sectors, are the only model input, which we fix by recent lattice data at imaginary baryochemical potential. All other coefficients are constructed in terms of the first two and required to match the Stefan-Boltzmann limit of noninteracting quarks and gluons at T → ∞. The CEM allows calculations of the baryon number susceptibilities χ B k to arbitrary order. We obtain excellent agreement with all available lattice data for the baryon number fluctuation measures χ The grand canonical thermodynamic potential of QCD is an even function of the real baryon chemical potential μ B because of the CP-symmetry. Taking the quantization of the baryon charge into account, the QCD pressure has a fugacity expansionThis relation can formally be viewed as a relativistic extension of Mayer's cluster expansion in fugacities [1]. A similar formalism is also employed in the canonical approach [2][3][4][5], where the fugacity expansion is applied to the partition function Z itself (see Refs. [6,7] for recent developments).The net baryon density readswhere b k ðTÞ ≡ kp k ðTÞ. Analytic continuation to an imaginary chemical potential yields a purely imaginary ρ B =T 3 , with b k ðTÞ becoming its Fourier expansion coefficients. The analytic continuation to/from imaginary μ is one of the methods used to study QCD at finite net baryon density [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The leading four Fourier coefficients b k were studied in Refs. [17,18] using lattice simulations with physical quark masses at imaginary μ B , as well as phenomenological models.At low temperatures, below the crossover transition, a behavior similar to an uncorrelated gas of hadrons, i.e., jb k ðTÞ=b 1 ðTÞj ≪ 1 for k ≥ 2, is seen in lattice QCD (LQCD) [17,18]. Lattice simulations at T > 135 MeV yield negative b 2 ðTÞ values, which could be interpreted in terms of repulsive baryonic interactions. The first four LQCD Fourier coefficients, up to T ≃ 185 MeV, can indeed be described rather well by a hadron resonance gas (HRG) model with excluded-volume (EV) interactions between the (anti)

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Skewness and kurtosis of net baryon-number distributions at small values of the baryon chemical potential

Abstract: We present results for the ratios of mean (M B ), variance (σ

Cited by 85 publications

References 78 publications

Baryon number fluctuations in the QCD phase diagram from Dyson-Schwinger equations

Baryon number fluctuations in the QCD phase diagram from Dyson-Schwinger equations

A Study of the Properties of the QCD Phase Diagram in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions

Cluster expansion model for QCD baryon number fluctuations: No phase transition at μB/T<π

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