Flower Structure and Reproductive Biology of <i>Bougainvillea stipitata</i> (Nyctaginaceae)

López, Hernán; Galetto, Leonardo

doi:10.1055/s-2002-34134

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…In turn, the small sizes of the nectaries in the inconspicuous V. opulus and V. lantana flowers suggest production of small amounts of nectar. As suggested by López and Galetto (2002), in the case of a great number of simultaneously blooming flowers, e.g. in Viburnum , the quantity of nectar cannot be high in order to prevent overloading the plants with the cost of production thereof.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparative studies of the microstructural traits of stigmas, nectaries, and trichomes in the Viburnum genus, which comprises many sometimes only slightly differing species, may be important for the phylogenesis of this taxon (Winkworth and Donoghue 2005; Clement and Donoghue 2011; Weber et al 2012). Moreover, as shown by many authors, the location and structure of nectaries (Galetto and Bernardello 2004; Zini et al 2014; Konarska 2015) and trichomes (Behnke 1984; Harder and Barrett 2006) are important taxonomic characteristics helping in assessment of the relatedness between taxa and facilitating better understanding of the floral biology and interaction between the plant and the pollinator (Anderson 1995; López and Galetto 2002). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative micromorphology and anatomy of flowers and floral secretory structures in two Viburnum species

Konarska

2016

Protoplasma

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In entomogamous plants, the presence and function of floral secretory structures, whose main role is to attract pollinators, is strictly associated with the pollination ecology and hence the reproductive success of the plant. The aims of the present paper were to analyse the micromorphology and anatomy of flower nectaries and stigmas in Viburnum opulus and V. lantana and to determine the function and microstructure of inflorescence trichomes in both taxa using light and scanning electron microscopy as well as histochemical assays. It was found that stigmas were formed by papillae, which contained lipids, polysaccharides, tannins, and pigments. Stigmatic secretion proceeded via cuticular pores. Floral nectaries formed a thick layer around the styles, and nectar was secreted through numerous nectarostomata. There were no traces of vascular bundles penetrating the nectary tissue. In turn, numerous tannin deposits were observed in the cells of the glandular parenchyma. Pedicels, hypanthia, and bracts had mainly peltate and capitate glandular trichomes as well as stellate non-glandular trichomes (in V. lantana). The trichomes were shown to contain lipids, mucilage, and tannins. Many similarities in the flower and nectaries microstructure and considerable heterogeneity were observed in the examined Viburnum species. Knowledge of the microstructural characteristics of flowers, nectaries, and trichomes may be important for the phylogenesis and taxonomy of the genus Viburnum and the family Adoxaceae. Additionally, floral and nectaries features are helpful in assessment of the relatedness between taxa and provide better understanding of the floral biology and pollination ecology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative micromorphology and anatomy of flowers and floral secretory structures in two Viburnum species

Konarska

2016

Protoplasma

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“…In Bougainvilleeae, our records of the pollination of Bo. stipitata by small moths (López & Galetto, ) and Bo. campanulata by dipterans are novel for the genus; floral fragrance appears to be the major insect attractant in these cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ‘four o'clock’ family Nyctaginaceae (Caryophyllales) displays a wide range of floral traits to attract pollinators, including different fragrances, visual cues and diurnal or nocturnal anthesis (Valla & Ancibor, ; Levin, Raguso & McDade, ; López & Galetto, ; Fenster et al ., ). Nyctaginaceae includes 28–31 genera and 300–400 species (Bittrich & Kühn, ; Mabberley, ) in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, with two major centres of distribution in the Americas (the Neotropics and Caribbean; arid western North America).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four o'clock pollination biology: nectaries, nectar and flower visitors in Nyctaginaceae from southern South America

et al. 2013

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Floral nectary structure and nectar sugar composition were investigated in relation to other floral traits and flower visitors in contrasting species of Nyctaginaceae from southern South America, representing four tribes (Bougainvilleeae, Colignonieae, Nyctagineae, Pisoneae). Our comparative data will aid in the understanding of plant–pollinator interactions and in the development of hypotheses on the origin of floral and reproductive characters in this family. The nectaries are located on the inner side of the staminal tube. The nectariferous tissue is composed of an epidermis and three to ten layers of secretory parenchymal cells, supplied indirectly by the filament vascular bundles. Stomata appear to be associated with nectar secretion. For the first time in Nyctaginaceae, nectary ultrastructure is described in Boerhavia diffusa var. leiocarpa. Nectary parenchyma cells are densely cytoplasmic and contain numerous starch grains. Plasmodesmata connect the nectariferous cells. Flowers of Nyctaginaceae secrete a small volume of nectar of variable concentration (10–47%). Nectar is dominated by hexoses, but Mirabilis jalapa showed a balanced proportion of sucrose and hexoses. Hymenoptera are the most common visitors for most species; nocturnal Lepidoptera are the most common visitors for M. jalapa and Bougainvillea stipitata. We found relatively low variation in the nectary characteristics of Nyctaginaceae compared with broad variation in flower structure, shape, colour and nectar traits. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London

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“…The anthesis period of Bougainvillea stipitata flowers (López and Galetto, 2002), growing outside, is at least 5 days and the opening of the flower is usually in the evening. The longest anthesis duration we had, was 4.2 days, and is most probably explained by the different environmental conditions or differences between species.…”

Section: Flower Opening and Anthesis Durationmentioning

confidence: 99%

NAA and STS effects on potted bougainvillea: Early flower death allows delayed bract abscission

Gago

Monteiro

2012

Postharvest Biology and Technology

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The effects of Silver Thiosulphate (STS) and Naphtalene Acetic Acid (NAA) (0,45%NAA+1,2% NAA-amide at 500 mg.l -1 ) on flowering bud development, anthesis duration, bract longevity and bract photosynthetic rate were studied in Bougainvillea spectabilis 'Killie Campbell' plants, under interior conditions. The relationships between bract longevity and the above parameters were also investigated.NAA induced longer bract longevities, shorter flower anthesis duration and lower percentage of flowers reaching anthesis. STS alone increased duration of flower anthesis but did not affect CD (completely developed) bract abscission, as compared to the water treatment. Depending on the experiment, adding STS to NAA delayed or had no effect on bract abscission. Longer bract longevities were related to shorter flower anthesis and lower percentage of flowers reaching anthesis. Manual removal of flowers from the bract+flower unit increased bract longevity. Despite the low level of irradiance, bracts photosynthesized and plants treated with NAA (alone or with STS) had lower bract photosynthetic rates. Bract photosynthetic activity, although with relevant rates (similar to leaves and most probably capable of covering respiration expenditure) did not seem important as an energy source for bract longevity since bracts that lasted longer had lower photosynthetic rates. In the water control, percentage of flowers reaching anthesis positively correlated with bract photosynthetic rates.In potted bougainvillea under low light conditions, flower senescence and bract abscission are under different types of control. In addition to the classical effect of auxin reducing ethylene production, and/or sensitivity of the abscission zone to ethylene, NAA delays bougainvillea bract abscission via early interruption of flower development.

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Flower Structure and Reproductive Biology of Bougainvillea stipitata (Nyctaginaceae)

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Comparative micromorphology and anatomy of flowers and floral secretory structures in two Viburnum species

Comparative micromorphology and anatomy of flowers and floral secretory structures in two Viburnum species

Four o'clock pollination biology: nectaries, nectar and flower visitors in Nyctaginaceae from southern South America

NAA and STS effects on potted bougainvillea: Early flower death allows delayed bract abscission

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