Flower Morphology, Pollination Biology and Mating System of the Complex Flower of Vigna caracalla (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae)

Etcheverry, Ángela Virginia; Alemán, María M.; Fleming, Trinidad Figueroa

doi:10.1093/aob/mcn106

Cited by 55 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…It could be considered that the founding of new populations strongly favors SC as described by Baker (1955), and that colonization with only one selfcompatible individual is possible in L. longiflorum because it produces several hundred seeds per flower. Reduced pollinator density (Etcheverry et al, 2008) and both reduced population size and isolation (Mimura and Arrken, 2007) often occurring at the periphery of the distribution area might promote a rapid evolutionary shift to self-fertilization, and eventually to selfing in a colonizing population. Hiramatsu et al (2001a) stated that L. formosanum is regarded as a recent derivative species from some L. longiflorum populations in the southern Ryukyu Archipelago group.…”

Section: Multiple Origins Of Self-compatible Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Relationship between Degree of Self-compatibility and Floral Traits in Lilium longiflorum Thunb. (Liliaceae)

Sakazono

Hiramatsu

Huang

et al. 2012

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Lilium longiflorum is endemic to the islands of the Ryukyu Archipelago in Japan and to the eastern seacoasts and satellite islands of the mainland of Taiwan. The species is an important ornamental plant, and is cultivated throughout the world. Lilium longiflorum has long been regarded as a self-incompatible species but the existence of selfing in some natural populations was suggested by isozyme analysis in a previous study. To confirm the occurrence of self-compatible individuals and to clarify the evolutionary shift of floral traits associated with degree of self-compatibility in L. longiflorum by comparative analysis, we used 17 populations of L. longiflorum, and two populations of L. formosanum, the genetically closest species of L. longiflorum, covering the entire species distribution. Artificial self-pollination revealed that not all L. longiflorum individuals are self-incompatible and there is substantial quantitative variation of self-incompatibility among L. longiflorum individuals and populations. Self-compatible dominant populations allopatrically and independently evolved at the periphery of the species distribution area, the northern Ryukyu Archipelago and Taiwan. Increasing degree of selfcompatibility in L. longiflorum correlated with reduced corolla length, corolla width, corolla volume, and anther length for the Ryukyu Archipelago, in contrast to only reduced corolla width and volume for Taiwan. Approach between anther and stigma was not observed in any populations. Our data indicate that in the Ryukyu Archipelago increasing degree of self-compatibility evolved floral traits related to mating system evolution, to selfing, that does not depend on adjacency between anther and stigma position, but not in Taiwan.

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Section: Multiple Origins Of Self-compatible Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Relationship between Degree of Self-compatibility and Floral Traits in Lilium longiflorum Thunb. (Liliaceae)

Sakazono

Hiramatsu

Huang

et al. 2012

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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“…Brito et al (2010) studied the reproductive biology of other Fabaceae species and also reported high pollen viability: 97% in Sophora tomentosa and 99% in Crotalaria vitellina. According to Etcheverry et al (2008), the flowers of Fabaceae species show an intricate architecture. Therefore, pollen reception can only be achieved by highly specialized mechanisms.…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral biology of Sesbania virgata: an invasive species in the Agreste of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil

2016

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Although reproduction seems to play an important role in the successful invasive strategy of Sesbania virgata, its floral biology is poorly known. We aimed at filling this gap by studying the floral biology of a population of S. virgata in the Agreste of Brazil. Sesbania virgata is a shrub that bears racemose inflorescences. Its flowers are zygomorphic, pedunculate, hermaphrodite, and have a pale yellow corolla, diadelphous androecium, anthers with longitudinal dehiscence, and inconspicuous stigma. S. virgata flowers display three different types of petals: banner (11.92 mm), wing (8.27 mm), and keel (9.3 mm). The flowering peak occurred from November to January. The average number of pollen grains per flower was 22,918, with a pollen viability of 99.93%. Its anthesis is diurnal and asynchronous. Although S. virgata is autogamous, its pollen/ovule ratio suggests that this plant has a mixed reproductive system (xenogamy + autogamy). Continuous flowering, flower morphology, and specialized breeding system are essential to assure the reproductive success of this species in the studied habitat. Sesbania virgata is a food source for flower visitors, due to its continuous flowering and large population. Therefore, it has an effective reproductive strategy that assures its invasion success. Key words: breeding system, pollination, Fabaceae. ResumoA reprodução parece ser uma parte importante da estratégia de invasão bem-sucedida de Sesbania virgata. Apesar disso, a sua biologia floral é pouco estudada. O objetivo do nosso estudo foi preencher esta lacuna no conhecimento estudando a biologia floral de uma população de S. virgata no agreste brasileiro. Sesbania virgata é um arbusto que apresenta inflorescências racemosas. Suas flores são zigomorfas, pedunculadas e hermafroditas com corola amarelo-clara, androceu diadelfo, anteras com deiscência longitudinal, e estigma inconspícuo. As flores de Sesbania virgata apresentam três diferentes tipos de pétalas: o estandarte (11,92 mm), as alas (8,27 mm) e a quilha (9,3 mm). A maior intensidade do período de floração ocorreu entre novembro e janeiro. A média de grãos de pólen por flor foi de 22.918, com viabilidade polínica de 99,93%. A antese é diurna e assincrônica. Embora S. virgata seja autocompatível, a razão pólen/óvulo sugere a presença de um sistema reprodutivo misto (xenogamia + autogamia) nesta planta. A floração contínua, a morfologia floral, e o sistema reprodutivo especializado são indispensáveis para garantir o sucesso reprodutivo desta espécie no habitat estudado. A sua floração contínua e grande população faz de S. virgata uma fonte de recursos para os visitantes florais. Portanto, esta espécie apresenta uma efetiva estratégia reprodutiva que garante seu sucesso como espécie invasora. Palavras-chave: sistema reprodutivo, polinização, Fabaceae.

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“…Las características y la disposición de sus piezas constituyen un carácter de importancia taxonómica y su función estaría relacionada con el almacenamiento y protección del néctar en la flor (Rodríguez Riaño et al, 1999b). Además, el cáliz tiene importancia durante el movimiento de la corola, evitando la desarticulación de las piezas durante las visitas de los insectos (Etcheverry et al, 2003(Etcheverry et al, , 2008Le Roux & Van Wyk, 2012). La corola también es pentámera y dialipétala, generalmente con un pétalo más desarrollado que el resto de las piezas florales, llamado estandarte o vexilo (Westerkamp & Weber, 1999;Tucker, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Durante la antesis, el estandarte generalmente actúa como un órgano de atracción para los polinizadores (Arroyo, 1981;Tucker, 2003), y puede presentar guías de néctar, ya sea táctiles y/o visuales (e.g. Etcheverry et al, 2008). Las alas son piezas que pueden tener tres funciones (excepto en las flores ornitófilas): (1) atracción, (2) lugar para posarse los insectos y (3) palancas que deprimen y elevan a la quilla en el momento de la polinización a través del complejo alas-quilla (Stirton, 1981;Westerkamp, 1997;Etcheverry, 2001aEtcheverry, , 2001bEtcheverry et al, 2003;Alemán et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…En algunos géneros de ciertas tribus como Phaseoleae, Robinieae y Fabeae la quilla puede prolongarse y adoptar un aspecto tubular formando una a más revoluciones superpuestas constituyendo una espiral (Yeo, 1993;Tucker, 1989;Hoc et al, 1993;Endress, 2001;Etcheverry et al, 2008). Algunos autores han descripto diferentes mecanismos mediante los cuales las piezas de la corola pueden estar conectadas: morfológicamente, en donde las piezas encajan entre sí a través de una protuberancia ubicada en la cara abaxial de la quilla y su correspondiente depresión ubicada en la cara adaxial del ala; y anatómicamente, donde las epidermis en contacto se fusionan a nivel cuticular (Westerkamp 1997;Etcheverry et al, 1998;Alemán et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Fusión, esculturas y ornamentaciones de las piezas de la corola de 17 especies de Papilionoideae.

Alemán¹,

Hoc²,

Spahr³

et al. 2017

Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot.

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Summary: Fusion, sculptures and ornamentation of the corolla pieces of 17 species of Papilionoideae. The species of subfamily Papilionoideae present flowers with a complex architecture, with elaborated petals in which it has been documented the presence of auricles and callosities, appendixes or spurs that joint the pieces of the corolla and also microsculpturings on the wings. In this study, we analyze the morphology of the petals of 17 species of Papilionoideae (Leguminosae) native of Salta province, Argentina. The lower margins of the keel were fused in all of the species, through different types of fusion of epidermal cells. Only a few species presented fusion in the upper margin of the keel. All the species showed sculpturings in the petals, which would joint some of the pieces of the corolla. They also exhibit ornaments or microsculpturings in the basal region of the adaxial surface of the wings that may act as a grip for pollinators when they land on the flower. The petals of the Papilionoideae flowers presented characteristics that could restrict the type of pollinator able to activate the different mechanisms of pollination that allow them to access the rewards enclosed by the keel.Key words: Floral biology, Leguminosae, ornaments, petals, pollination mechanisms, sculpturings.Resumen: Las flores de la subfamilia Papilionoideae tienen una arquitectura compleja con pétalos elaborados, en los que se ha observado la presencia de aurículas o callosidades, apéndices o espolones que articulan las piezas entre sí y de ornamentaciones principalmente en las alas. En este trabajo se analizó la morfología de las piezas de la corola de 17 especies de Papilionoideae (Leguminosae) nativas de la provincia de Salta. Todas las especies presentaron fusión entre los márgenes inferiores de la quilla que involucraba diferentes tipos de uniones a nivel de las células epidérmicas. Solo algunas de las especies estudiadas presentaron fusión en los márgenes superiores de la quilla. Todas las especies presentaron esculturas en los pétalos que servirían para articular las piezas de la corola entre sí. También presentaron ornamentaciones o microesculturaciones ubicadas en la región basal de la cara adaxial de las alas, que favorecerían el sostén de los visitantes al posarse sobre ellas. Los pétalos de las flores de Papilionoideae presentaron características que podrían restringir el tipo de polinizador capaz de activar los distintos mecanismos de polinización que le permiten acceder a las recompensas encerradas por la quilla.Palabras clave: Biología floral, esculturas, Leguminosae, mecanismos de polinización, ornamentaciones, pétalos.

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Flower Morphology, Pollination Biology and Mating System of the Complex Flower of Vigna caracalla (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae)

Abstract: Self-fertilization may have evolved in the peripheral population at the highest site of V. caracalla because of the benefits of reproductive assurance under reduced pollinator diversity.

Cited by 55 publications

References 59 publications

Phylogenetic Relationship between Degree of Self-compatibility and Floral Traits in Lilium longiflorum Thunb. (Liliaceae)

Phylogenetic Relationship between Degree of Self-compatibility and Floral Traits in Lilium longiflorum Thunb. (Liliaceae)

Floral biology of Sesbania virgata: an invasive species in the Agreste of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil

Fusión, esculturas y ornamentaciones de las piezas de la corola de 17 especies de Papilionoideae.

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