Flower colour variation across a hybrid zone in Antirrhinum as perceived by bumblebee pollinators

Tastard, Emmanuelle; Andalo, Christophe; Giurfa, Martín; Burrus, Monique; Thébaud, Christophe

doi:10.1007/s11829-008-9046-3

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Previous work suggested that the genus Antirrhinum conformed to this trend and that species boundaries were maintained almost exclusively with pre‐zygotic barriers (Schwarz‐Sommer et al ., ; Langlade et al ., ; Whibley et al ., ; Feng et al ., ). Specifically, in Antirrhinum , the importance of geographical isolation has been strongly emphasized (Rothmaler, ; Webb, ; Vargas et al ., ) and the influence of pollinators on interspecific gene flow limitation has also been suggested as an important barrier (Whibley et al ., ; Tastard et al ., ; Shang et al ., ; Suchet et al ., ), although there are few studies on this barrier under cultivation conditions and it is highly overlooked in the natural environment. Unlike pre‐zygotic barriers, post‐zygotic isolation in Antirrhinum has been considered to be weak (Baur, ; Hackbarth et al ., ; Rothmaler, ; Rieger, ; Stubbe, ; Andalo et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effectiveness of pre- and post-zygotic barriers in avoiding hybridization between two snapdragons (Antirrhinum L.: Plantaginaceae)

Carrió

Güemes

2014

Bot J Linn Soc

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Reproductive barriers play an important role in the maintenance of species boundaries. However, to date, few studies have provided a detailed analysis of reproductive isolation barriers between species or examined their importance in maintaining species identity. This is the first detailed study into pre-and post-zygotic reproductive isolation barriers in Antirrhinum, based on a mixed population with two species that rarely co-occur. The study revealed that pollinator constancy and preference and poor hybrid seed viability were the most important reproductive isolating mechanisms. Reproductive isolation was practically complete by both pre-and post-zygotic barriers. Average pre-zygotic isolation was greater than post-zygotic isolation, in accordance with the trend observed in flowering plants in which reproductive isolation is principally caused by pre-zygotic mechanisms. However, average post-zygotic isolation was also high, in contrast to what was expected among Antirrhinum spp. This case highlights the importance of quantifying the reproductive isolation barriers thoroughly to understand how and why species boundaries are maintained.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effectiveness of pre- and post-zygotic barriers in avoiding hybridization between two snapdragons (Antirrhinum L.: Plantaginaceae)

Carrió

Güemes

2014

Bot J Linn Soc

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“…Finally, discriminant function and cluster analyses can be used to investigate how distinctive a group of individuals is compared to other individuals (Ajuria Ibarra & Reader, ; Feeney et al , ). One should keep in mind, however, that statistically significant clusters may not be distinguished by a perceiver and thus can be visually irrelevant (Tastard et al , ). In some cases, geographical data may also be necessary to interpret the value of colour clusters correctly.…”

Section: Colour Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Colour spaces in ecology and evolutionary biology

2015

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The recognition that animals sense the world in a different way than we do has unlocked important lines of research in ecology and evolutionary biology. In practice, the subjective study of natural stimuli has been permitted by perceptual spaces, which are graphical models of how stimuli are perceived by a given animal. Because colour vision is arguably the best-known sensory modality in most animals, a diversity of colour spaces are now available to visual ecologists, ranging from generalist and basic models allowing rough but robust predictions on colour perception, to species-specific, more complex models giving accurate but context-dependent predictions. Selecting among these models is most often influenced by historical contingencies that have associated models to specific questions and organisms; however, these associations are not always optimal. The aim of this review is to provide visual ecologists with a critical perspective on how models of colour space are built, how well they perform and where their main limitations are with regard to their most frequent uses in ecology and evolutionary biology. We propose a classification of models based on their complexity, defined as whether and how they model the mechanisms of chromatic adaptation and receptor opponency, the nonlinear association between the stimulus and its perception, and whether or not models have been fitted to experimental data. Then, we review the effect of modelling these mechanisms on predictions of colour detection and discrimination, colour conspicuousness, colour diversity and diversification, and for comparing the perception of colour traits between distinct perceivers. While a few rules emerge (e.g. opponent log-linear models should be preferred when analysing very distinct colours), in general model parameters still have poorly known effects. Colour spaces have nonetheless permitted significant advances in ecology and evolutionary biology, and more progress is expected if ecologists compare results between models and perform behavioural experiments more routinely. Such an approach would further contribute to a better understanding of colour vision and its links to the behavioural ecology of animals. While visual ecology is essentially a transfer of knowledge from visual sciences to evolutionary ecology, we hope that the discipline will benefit both fields more evenly in the future.

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“…Flower colour is under selection by pollinators (Kevan and Baker 1983;Rodriguez-Girones and Santamaria 2004;Tastard et al 2008;Waser 1983;Whibley et al 2006). There are indeed several studies associating shifts in flower colours with shifts in pollinator type (Altshuler 2003;Bradshaw and Schemske 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flower colours along an alpine altitude gradient, seen through the eyes of fly and bee pollinators

Arnold

Savolainen

Chittka

2009

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

124

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Alpine flowers face multiple challenges in terms of abiotic and biotic factors, some of which may result in selection for certain colours at increasing altitude, in particular the changing pollinator species composition, which tends to move from bee-dominated at lower elevations to fly-dominated in high-alpine regions. To evaluate whether growing at altitude-and the associated change in the dominant pollinator groups present-has an effect on the colour of flowers, we analysed data collected from the Dovrefjell National Park in Norway. Unlike previous studies, however, we considered the flower colours according to ecologically relevant models of bee and fly colour vision and also their physical spectral properties independently of any colour vision system, rather than merely looking at human colour categories. The shift from bee to fly pollination with elevation might, according to the pollination syndrome hypothesis, lead to the prediction that flower colours should shift from more bee-blue and UVblue flowers (blue/violet to humans, i.e. colours traditionally associated with large bee pollinators) at low elevations to more bee-blue-green and green (yellow and white to humans-colours often linked to fly pollination) flowers at higher altitude. However, although there was a slight increase in bee-blue-green flowers and a decrease in beeblue flowers with increasing elevation, there were no statistically significant effects of altitude on flower colour as seen either by bees or by flies. Although flower colour is known to be constrained by evolutionary history, in this sample we also did not find evidence that phylogeny and elevation interact to determine flower colours in alpine areas.

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Flower colour variation across a hybrid zone in Antirrhinum as perceived by bumblebee pollinators

Cited by 20 publications

References 54 publications

The effectiveness of pre- and post-zygotic barriers in avoiding hybridization between two snapdragons (Antirrhinum L.: Plantaginaceae)

The effectiveness of pre- and post-zygotic barriers in avoiding hybridization between two snapdragons (Antirrhinum L.: Plantaginaceae)

Colour spaces in ecology and evolutionary biology

Flower colours along an alpine altitude gradient, seen through the eyes of fly and bee pollinators

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