Flower-bud blasting in tulip plants mediated by the hormonal status of the plant

Munk, W.J. de; Gijzenberg, J.

doi:10.1016/0304-4238(77)90022-x

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…They also promote the expression of the flower meristem identity gene LEAFY, which directly activates genes including stamen and carpel identity genes (Blazquez and Weigel, 2000;Busch et al, 1999;Parcy et al, 1998). In addition, exogenous GA modulates flower development in various plants (Demunk and Gijzenberg, 1977;Ohno, 1991;Zhang et al, 2008;Zieslin et al, 1977). In light of these findings and our analysis, GA-mediated promotion of flower development appears to be conserved in Eustoma.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Hormonal changes may also be associated with flower-bud blasting, such as smaller amounts of cytokinin and larger amount of abscisic acid in Iris (Vonk and Ribot, 1982;Vonk et al, 1986). Exogenous gibberellin and cytokinin treatment results in the decreased occurrence of flower-bud blasting in tulip and Cymbidium (Demunk and Gijzenberg, 1977;Ohno, 1991), suggesting that blasting is induced by the factors related to hormone biosynthesis in tulip and Cymbidium. Kernel abortion in maize, however, is apparently not initiated by a hormone signal, as a reduction in hormones is observed only after abortion occurs (Reed and Singletary, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anatomical Characterization of Flower-bud Blasting and Suppression Following Hormone Application in Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.

Kawakatsu

Ushio

Fukuta

2012

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Flower-bud blasting is a constraint for producing Eustoma grandiflorum so a preventative strategy is needed. Flower-bud blasting occurs under low light intensity and high fertilizer input. To gain insight into the mechanisms of flower-bud blasting, we conducted a detailed characterization of flower development under normal and blastinducing conditions. We found that floral buds under low light intensity ceased to grow at the stamen and gynoecium differentiation stages, although sepals and petals were initiated normally. Aborted flowers rarely had normal ovules. Moreover, an expanded apical meristem was observed. These results show that the differentiation and development of reproductive organs are critically suppressed by blast-inducing conditions; however, combined application of 300 ppm benzylaminopurine and 200 ppm gibberellic acid-3 to floral buds resulted in about five-fold greater frequency of flower opening compared to controls. Blasting inhibition also resulted from excising the inflorescent branch, suggesting the decrease in assimilates in flower buds would be attributed to flower-bud blasting. Moreover, hormone application combined with excision had an additive effect for preventing flower-bud blasting, suggesting that these treatments independently inhibit flower-bud blasting. These results suggest that flower-bud blasting in Eustoma is a break in floral development around the stamen and gynoecium initiation stages and is integrally induced by the factors related to hormone biosynthesis and the decrease in assimilates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical Characterization of Flower-bud Blasting and Suppression Following Hormone Application in Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.

Kawakatsu

Ushio

Fukuta

2012

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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“…The apparent influence of flower parts on peduncle elongation might occur through GA-like substances : the activity of these substances has been reported to increase in the floral parts at anthesis in Iris and Liliurn [3,6] . Furthermore, it is noteworthy that bud blast in tulips can be overcome by GA or cytokinin injection [9), and that GA treatment and subsequent cytokinin treatments have counteracted abortion of the first inflorescence of tomato plants under insufficient light conditions [15, 161 . GA and cytokinin levels in tulip shoots have been found to be relatively high whereas ABA levels were low 141 . It has been suggested that ABA inhibits GA biosynthesis [291 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that the injection of gibberellins (GA 4 + 7) or cytokinins into tulip buds prevents ethylene-induced flower-bud blasting [9] . It was inferred that the activity of the main sink at that stage of development (i .e .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assimilate distribution and the role of abscisic acid and zeatin in relation to flower-bud blasting, induced by lack of light, in Iris cv. Ideal

Vonk

Ribot

1982

Plant Growth Regul

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Flower-bud blasting in Iris occurs in the winter when low light intensities and short days prevail. After introduction of 14 CO, to one leaf the transport of assimilates was studied under controlled culture conditions in a control light treatment and in a treatment of 7 days darkness followed by standard light conditions . Little assimilate transport was found in the direction of the bud in dark-treated plants . However, zeatin injection into the flower buds of the plants subjected to the dark treatment clearly promoted assimilate transport to these buds. Abscisic acid levels, determined by gas chromatography, were found to increase in the buds of dark-treated plants . Zeatin injection into the flower bud resulted in a suppression of the abscisic acid level . The latter treatment also resulted in higher percentage of flowering . Removal of flower parts was found to inhibit peduncle elongation . The peduncle elongation of complete flowers started in a well defined period, and the fresh weight of buds was found to increase mainly in the last part of that period . Assimilate transport under low light intensities in relation to abscisic acid and supposed gibberellin is discussed .

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“…Water deficit imposes stress on the young shoot located inside (Van Kilsdonk et al 2002) and is the cause of increased ABA level (Upreti et al 1997/98;Lopez-Carbonell et al 1994), which in turn results in a weakened sink of the flower bud. The sink of the flower bud can also be weakened by ethylene but strengthened by GA or kinetin (De Munk and Gijzenberg 1977;Moe 1979). Therefore, it was suggested that the natural balance between growth substances controls the flower bud development (De Munk and Gijzenberg 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Exogenous GA3 overcomes bud deterioration in tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L.) bulbs during dry storage by promoting endogenous IAA activity in the internodes

Niimi

Kojima

2007

Plant Growth Regul

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Endogenous free IAA was examined with an immunohistochemical method for its involvement in the reduction of bud deterioration after GA 3 was injected into the bulbs. We found that tulip bulbs stored at 20°C constantly developed severe bud deterioration, whereas the symptoms of deterioration was lighter in the bulbs with GA 3 injection and not observed in the bulbs with 4°C treatment. 73% success in overcoming bud deterioration was achieved in 20°C with GA 3 treatment after 8 weeks of bulb storage, and the success rate was 7% after 12 weeks of storage. IAA was detected in the parenchyma cells in the internodes of the shoot after the bulbs were stored at 4°C or at 20°C with GA 3 injection for 4 weeks, but little was detected in the bulbs stored at 20°C constantly. Moreover, a weak IAA signal was present in between the cells of the internodes irrespective of bulb treatment. After planting, the bulbs that had been treated differently exhibited different flowering ability. The bulbs stored at 4°C for 4, 8 and 12 weeks attained high flowering percentage, which was lower in the 20°C with GA 3 treatment and lowest in the 20°C treatment. It may be concluded that GA 3 injection decreases bud deterioration of tulip bulbs during dry storage at 20°C by promoting the endogenous IAA in the internodes.

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Flower-bud blasting in tulip plants mediated by the hormonal status of the plant

Cited by 29 publications

References 29 publications

Anatomical Characterization of Flower-bud Blasting and Suppression Following Hormone Application in Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.

Anatomical Characterization of Flower-bud Blasting and Suppression Following Hormone Application in Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.

Assimilate distribution and the role of abscisic acid and zeatin in relation to flower-bud blasting, induced by lack of light, in Iris cv. Ideal

Exogenous GA3 overcomes bud deterioration in tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L.) bulbs during dry storage by promoting endogenous IAA activity in the internodes

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