Exogenous GA3 overcomes bud deterioration in tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L.) bulbs during dry storage by promoting endogenous IAA activity in the internodes

Abstract

Endogenous free IAA was examined with an immunohistochemical method for its involvement in the reduction of bud deterioration after GA 3 was injected into the bulbs. We found that tulip bulbs stored at 20°C constantly developed severe bud deterioration, whereas the symptoms of deterioration was lighter in the bulbs with GA 3 injection and not observed in the bulbs with 4°C treatment. 73% success in overcoming bud deterioration was achieved in 20°C with GA 3 treatment after 8 weeks of bulb storage, and the success rate was 7% after 12 weeks of storage. IAA was detected in the parenchyma cells in the internodes of the shoot after the bulbs were stored at 4°C or at 20°C with GA 3 injection for 4 weeks, but little was detected in the bulbs stored at 20°C constantly. Moreover, a weak IAA signal was present in between the cells of the internodes irrespective of bulb treatment. After planting, the bulbs that had been treated differently exhibited different flowering ability. The bulbs stored at 4°C for 4, 8 and 12 weeks attained high flowering percentage, which was lower in the 20°C with GA 3 treatment and lowest in the 20°C treatment. It may be concluded that GA 3 injection decreases bud deterioration of tulip bulbs during dry storage at 20°C by promoting the endogenous IAA in the internodes.

Response of Oriental Hybrid Lily (Lilium oriental cv. Sorbonne) Flowers to Exogenous Fluridone and Abscisic Acid Application and Responses of Endogenous Abscisic Acid and Gibberellic Acid 3

“…Thus, the ratio of two hormones is equally important as the level of a single hormone. In pea (Pisum sativum; Law and Hamilton, 1984) and tulip (Tulipa gesneriana; Xu et al, 2007), GA 3 application (0.45 mM by spray and 0.8 mg • mL -1 by injection, respectively) increased the content of indoleacetic acid (IAA). In addition, IAA can promote the biosynthesis of GA 1 in pea (P. sativum; Ross et al, 2000).…”

Effects of Gibberellins Treatment on Storage Quality and Nutrition Components of Loquat

“…The increase of fruit flesh firmness was duo to the increase of original pectin, lignin and cellulose contents with the storage [21] . Exogenous GA 3 was reported to increase the content of endogenous GA 3 , resulting in a lower ratio of ABA/GA 3 value, while restrain the activity of PAL and POD, resulting in a lower level of lignin and flesh firmness [16] . The fruit flesh firmness of the control group increased by 31.33% at 14-d storage when compared to the beginning value.…”

“…Gibberellin (GA3) was a kind of phytohormone. It was shown that GA3 would benefit the storage quality of tulip bulb [16] , bamboo shoot [17] , jujube [18] and Broccoli curd [19] , etc. The effect of GA3 on the storage quality of post-harvest loquat was still not examined.…”

Cellular and Subcellular Immunohistochemical Localization and Quantification of Cadmium Ions in Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

“…Compared to these localization methods, the distinct advantage of the immunohistochemical (IHC) method is its specific recognition of target analytes by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The technique has been used in studies of macromolecules, such as cytochromes [ 21 ], pectins [ 22 ], oxidized proteins [ 23 ], sulfurtransferase [ 24 ],glycine-rich proteins [ 25 ] and small bioactive molecules, such as indole-3-acetic acid [ 26 , 27 ], gibberellic acid 3 [ 28 ] and abscisic acid [ 29 ]. The accurate localization plays a great role in illustrating the physiological function of these compounds in the plant.…”