Flow-through and flow-by porous electrodes of nickel foam. I. Material characterization

Langlois, Simon; Cœuret, F.

doi:10.1007/bf01039388

Cited by 107 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…where M and N are empirical constants [45,47]. Linear plots of Δp/Lv as a function of v for four porosity grades of RVC in an electrolyte containing 1 mmol dm −3 Cu 2+ ions in pH 2 sulphate solution at 298 K (Figure 10c), allow the constants M and N to be found from the slope and intercept on the Δp/Lv axis, facilitating the characterisation of RVC porosity.…”

Section: Volumetric Area and Mass Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electrode potential can be close to constant and the current distribution uniform over the electrode surface in low thickness material. In order to reduce the effects of parasitic reactions, attention should be given to the degree of reactant conversion and allowable potential drop, both being well-treated in the literature [44][45][46]. Assuming a mass transport controlled reaction, the global performance of a flow cell can be expressed as the product of average mass transport coefficient, k m , and volumetric electrode area, A e [2]: Figure 10a).…”

Section: Volumetric Area and Mass Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The continued development of reticulated vitreous carbon as a versatile electrode material: Structure, properties and applications

Walsh

Arenas

León

et al. 2016

Electrochimica Acta

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The limitations of 2-dimensional electrodes can be overcome by using threedimensional materials having sufficient porosity and active area while offering moderate mass transport rates and a relatively low pressure drop at controlled electrolyte flow rate. In concept, a wide variety of metal, ceramic and composite materials are possible but restrictions are imposed by the need to avoid materials degradation, while maintaining adequate electrical conductivity, sufficient robustness and the possibility of facile scale-up. Despite its fragility, one of the traditional electrode materials used as a porous, 3-dimensional electrode is carbon foam, particularly in the 97% vol. porous form of reticulated vitreous carbon, RVC. A timeline indicates that the history of this material dates back over 50 years to the mid1960s, when it was primarily used as an uncoated material in small-scale, laboratory electroanalysis. Surface modification and diverse coatings have considerably extended the use of RVC. Recent applications are found in sensors and monitors, electrosynthesis, environmental processing and energy conversion. This review highlights the fundamental structure and summarises the physicochemical properties of RVC. Fluid flow through various porosity grades of the material, their active electrochemical area and rates of mass transport are quantified. The diverse applications of RVC in energy conversion, environmental treatment and electrosynthesis are illustrated by selected examples from the authors' laboratories and others over the last 30 years. Recent research on coated RVC, energy conversion environmental remediation and sensors is highlighted. Critical areas deserving further research and development are proposed.

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Section: Volumetric Area and Mass Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Volumetric Area and Mass Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

The continued development of reticulated vitreous carbon as a versatile electrode material: Structure, properties and applications

Walsh

Arenas

León

et al. 2016

Electrochimica Acta

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“…5(a) shows an electrochemical cell using an RVC electrode in the flow-through configuration; the electrolyte and current flow are parallel. This mode of operation has been used in many electrochemical applications [15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. [12].…”

Section: Electrochemical Cell Design For Rvc Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reticulated vitreous carbon as an electrode material

Friedrich

Ponce-de-León

Reade³

et al. 2004

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

318

185

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An illustrated review of reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) as an electrode material is presented. Early uses of RVC were largely restricted to small-scale (< 1 cm 3 ) electroanalytical studies in research laboratories. RVC properties of a high ratio of surface area to volume and minimal reactivity over a wide range of process conditions, combined with low cost and easy handling, have resulted in a steady diversification of its applications both in research laboratories and in industry. The physical structure of RVC (in terms of pores per linear inch, strut length, strut thickness and area of the trigonal strut) is examined for 10, 30, 60 and 100 ppi (pores per linear inch) grades using scanning electron microscopy. The accurate measurement of these geometrical values presents both theoretical (in terms of definition of trigonal strut area, beginning and end of single strand) and practical problems (large differences in strut length and thickness in individual samples). Data are presented to show the relationships between geometrical properties. Applications include electroanalytical studies and sensors, metal ion removal, synthesis of organics and FentonÕs reagent, H 2 O 2 production and batteries/fuel cells.

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“…Additional pressure sensors are placed along 3 lines perpendicular to the flow direction to assess the one-dimensional nature of the flow. Foam samples (whose lengths vary from 130 up to 200 mm) are placed in the central [13,[20][21][22][23], Symbol: present work all samples, air and water results.…”

Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Analysis of Multiphase Flow in Metallic foam: Flow Laws, Heat Transfer and Convective Boiling

et al. 2006

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The first part of this work deals with flow laws of gas, liquid and mixtures in metallic foam. This experimental work is based on the stationary pressure profile measurement in a channel filled with metallic foam of several grades or materials for several controlled flow rates. Several foam samples with different characteristics (10, 40, 60, 100 ppi) of copper and of nickel are studied. In single‐phase conditions, we evaluate the permeability and inertial the coefficient according to the Forchheimer model. In the gas flow case, compressibility effects are taken into account. Emphasis is given on the relative contributions of inertial and viscous effects. The specific behavior linked to compressibility effect is thoroughly studied. The adiabatic (air‐water) conditions are analyzed; the results are reported in term of biphasic multipliers according to a simple homogeneous model, to study the impact of foam texture and gas quality on flow laws. Several aspects of the two‐phase flow case (i.e. liquid‐vapor) are discussed: phase repartition, pressure drops, characteristic boiling curve …. In single phase conditions, the heat transfer coefficient was improved by two orders of magnitude with the presence of metallic foam with only a limited increase in pressure drop. In biphasic conditions, the study of convective boiling regime also showed significant heat transfer enhancement with very low‐pressure drops. A simple one dimensional homogeneous model was used and allows a good description of global flow behavior across the test section.

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Flow-through and flow-by porous electrodes of nickel foam. I. Material characterization

Cited by 107 publications

References 14 publications

The continued development of reticulated vitreous carbon as a versatile electrode material: Structure, properties and applications

The continued development of reticulated vitreous carbon as a versatile electrode material: Structure, properties and applications

Reticulated vitreous carbon as an electrode material

Experimental Analysis of Multiphase Flow in Metallic foam: Flow Laws, Heat Transfer and Convective Boiling

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