Flow simulation studies in coronary arteries—Impact of side-branches

Statistical wall shear stress maps of ruptured and unruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms

“…Flow was assumed to be laminar. The nonNewtonian fluid was modelled using the generalized power-law model including haematocrit dependence [30]. All simulations were performed using one waveform obtained from an internal carotid artery (ICA) by means of a phase contrast MRI [31] and one mean flow rate of 222 ml min 21 [32].…”

Impact of Side Branch Modeling on Computation of Endothelial Shear Stress in Coronary Artery Disease

“…A possible source for inaccuracy that could explain this inconsistency is the influence of side branches in SS calculations: most previous biomechanical studies have estimated SS using the geometric reconstruction of the main vessel and have assumed it as a watertight conduit without flow losses through side branches (2,(4)(5)(6)8,9,11,20,21,23,25,26). However, several recent studies using computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) have indicated that the impact of lost flow in side branches is not negligible and might affect substantially the accuracy of the SS estimation (27,28).…”

Image-based computational simulation of sub-endothelial LDL accumulation in a human right coronary artery

“…This inconsistency is due to the using of a more realistic geometry including the primary side branches that reduce the flow in the main trunk and affect the WSS distribution. As Wellnhofer et al [48] demonstrated that the differences between local WSS for a right coronary tree with and without side branches could be up to 12 Pa and area of WSS values lower than 0:4 Pa remarkably underestimated if side branches are ignored.…”

“…Some models have exclusively investigated the blood flow in the coronary arteries and analyzed velocity stream lines, wall shear stress (WSS) and its spatial and temporal gradients to identify the atherosclerosis prone sites [14,16,22,23,32,38,45,48]. To enhance the accuracy of such models, the periodic and non-Newtonian properties of blood flow [14,16,48], time variable geometry of coronary arteries [22,45] and appropriate boundary conditions are taken into account [22,38]. Knight et al [23] and Rikhtegar et al [32] conducted simulations of blood flow through the coronary arteries of various patients and analyzed performance of different hemodynamic variables in identifying atherosclerosis plaques.…”