Flow Properties of Novolak-Type Resin Made from Liquefaction of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Fibres Using Sulfuric Acid as a Catalyst

Sequential Saccharification and Simultaneous Fermentation (SSSF) of Sago Hampas for the Production of Bioethanol

“…Thus, second generation bioethanol was introduced by utilizing lignocellulosic biomass to save cost and to meet the increasing world-wide demand for bioethanol (Vincent et al 2014). Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant source of carbohydrate such as cellulose, hemicellulose and can be found in agricultural waste, forest waste and food-based industrial waste as such palm oil empty fruit bunch (EFB) and sago hampas (Adeni et al 2010;Cervero et al 2010;Zakaria et al 2014Zakaria et al , 2013. Sago hampas is a by-product from sago (Metroxylon sagu) processing factory after starch extraction.…”

As-spun Bio-novolac Fiber Morphological Study based on Resin's Physico- chemical Properties

“…The molecular weight (Mw) of resin obtained from both 0.5:1 and 0.8:1 molar ratios were increased from temperature 80°C to 85°C and decrease at 90°C. This is due to the changes of molecular weight which depend on the amount of combined phenol but independent on the molar ratios (Alma et al 1995;Zakaria et al 2013). However, molar ratio of 0.5:1 gave higher Mw compared to 0.8:1 due to the active CH 2 group reduction from formaldehyde (Brydson 1975).…”

Awareness on the Energy Saving Behaviour Among Students: Gamification Approach

“…The rate of energy consumption increased due to the usage of modern home appliances, particularly air conditions and refrigerators. Furthermore, lighting becomes the second electric power consumption after air conditioning and refrigerator [21]. Residents have been identified by researchers as an essential target group for energy conservation.…”