Flow Injection Simultaneous Determination of Basic Cation Pairs in Soils

Flow injection systems for elemental soil analysis determinations

“…In this flow system, determination of Mg is within the range of 15 to 4Ö0 mg I/ 1 . This approach was reported later by the same authors (Ferreira et al, 1995b) with another procedure where the FIA system was developed for the simultaneous determination of both Mg and Na using AAS and a flame emission spectrometer as detectors, respectively. The donor stream merged to a confluence of water not only to increase the dilution level, but also to adjust the final flow rate to the normal uptake rate of the flame photometer for the detection of Na.…”

“…Several of these systems have already been described reporting on the determination of other ions (Zhang et al, 1984;Krug et al, 1987;Hongbo and Junyan, 1991). Multicomponent analysis of this ion combined with others have also been described in this text (Fang et al, 1985;Ferreira et al, 1995b).…”

“…Ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) are the most widely used detection systems (Figure 1), thereby employing existing analytical methodology and detection techniques already in use in manual analytical procedures. For easy adaptation of these detectors to the flow systems, Jacintho et al, 1981Zhang et al, 1984Krug et al, 1987Ferreira et al, 1995aFerreira et al, 1995aFang et al, 1985Cardwell et al, 1988Ferreira et al, 1995bFerreira et al, 1995bNogueira et al, 1996Jorgensen and Regitano, 1980Hongbo and Junyan, 1991Ferreira et al, 1996aZhang et al, 1984Maetal., 1994Cui and Fang, 1984 Garcia et al, 1991Nakajima and Yanagibara, 1993Ruzicka et al, 1977Zhang et al, 1984Krug et al, 1987Cui and Zhang, 1988Hongbo and Junyan, 1991Liu et al, 1992Ferreira et al, 1995aFerreira et al, 1995aFerreira et al, 1995bWang and Fang, 1986Xu et al, 1989Borggaard and Jorgensen, 1985Raben-Lange et al, 1994Narinesingh et al,1994 Zhang et al, 1984Kiugetal., 1987Hongbo and Junyan, 1991FetTeira et al, 1995aFerreira et al, 1995aZhietal., 1994Hollenbach et al, 1994Lukaszewski and Zembizuski, 1992Hollenbach et al, 1...…”

“…The same authors (Ferreira et al, 1995b) also proposed a system with a dialysis unit for the simultaneous determination of both K and Na by flame emission spectrometry. Sodium was determined in the stream flowing from the donor channel and K from the acceptor channel as the necessary dispersion level was much higher for K (dispersion levels of 13 for Na and of 86 for K were achieved).…”

Flow Injection Determination of Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, and Magnesium in Beer by Flame Emission and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

“…In this paper, two different flow injection analysis (FIA) systems for the determination of metallic cations in beer are presented. In order to obtain a dilution capacity necessary for a set of determinations, a flow manifold with either a stream splitting and a detector inlet overpressure or a dialysis unit (Ferreira et al, 1995) were devised. The use of a flow splitting can be an efficient way to increase dilution by reducing the amount of analyte that is led to the flame atomization system.…”