Flow Injection Analysis of Aluminum Chlorohydrate in Antiperspirant Deodorants Using a Built‐in Three‐in‐one Screen‐Printed Silver Electrode

Abstract

A screen-printed silver strip with a built-in three-in-one electrode (SPAgE) configuration of Ag-working, Ag-counter and Ag/Ag(x)O (silver oxides) pseudoreference electrodes has been developed for sensitive and selective electrochemical flow injection analysis (FIA) of aluminum chlorohydrate (ACH) present in antiperspirants, through the free Cl(-) ion liberated from ACH in aqueous medium, as a redox signal at Ag-working electrode in pH 6 phosphate buffer solution (PBS). The solution phase and instrumental parameters were systematically optimized. The calibration graph was linear in the window 1-200 ppm concentration of ACH and the lowest detection limit (S/N = 3) was 295 ppb with a slope of 0.0989 mu A/ppm and regression coefficient of 0.998. Calculated relative standard deviation (RSD) values for the detection of 5 and 50 ppm ACH by this method are 2.21% and 2.16%, respectively. Four different antiperspirant deodorants real samples with and without ACH content were successfully analyzed and the detected values obtained were found to be in good agreement with the product labeled values

Screen-Printed Technologies Combined with Flow Analysis Techniques: Moving from Benchtop to Everywhere

“…By using a screen-printed silver electrode (SPAgE) in an FIA system, aluminum chlorohydrate (ACH) was determined in antiperspirant samples by monitoring the free Cl – ions liberated from ACH. The results obtained for four different real samples (with and without ACH content) were in good agreement with the product labels . An SPCE modified with silver microcubes was employed for the determination of nitrite in meat, and the results were consistent with the spectrometric method …”

“…The results obtained for four different real samples (with and without ACH content) were in good agreement with the product labels. 53 An SPCE modified with silver microcubes was employed for the determination of nitrite in meat, and the results were consistent with the spectrometric method. 54 SPCEs modified with copper have also been reported.…”

Screen-printed Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for Monitoring Metal Pollutants

“…Consequently, there is need for its determination of Al in such formulations. Chiu et al [104] have utilised a screen-printed silver sensor system as part of a flow injection system for its determination. The sensor consisted of Ag working and counter electrodes and a Ag/AgO reference electrode.…”

Utilização de análise por injeção em fluxo e em batelada com detecção amperométrica e eletrodos impressos para a determinação de ciprofloxacina

“…Diferentes células FIA adaptadas para o uso de SPEs tem sido propostas e versões comerciais podem ser encontradas na literatura e aplicadas para a análise de amostras farmacêuticas e ambientais (Bergamini et al, 2007;Chiu et al, 2010;Mozo et al, 2012;Salgado-Figueroa et al, 2013;. Bergamini et al (2007) desenvolveram uma metodologia para a determinação de procaína empregando SPE de carbono sem modificação em um sistema FIA com detecção amperométrica.…”

“…O método descrito forneceu boa precisão (DPR = 3,2 %), limite de detecção de 6,0 µmol L -1 e frequência analítica de 36 injeções por hora. Chiu et al (2010) realizaram a determinação de cloridrato de alumínio em tampão fosfato 0,1 mol L -1 (pH = 6,0) utilizando o sistema FIA e SPE de prata, no qual o eletrodo de trabalho e contra eletrodo são de prata e um pseudo-referência de Ag/AgxO. Neste trabalho também obteve-se valores de precisão satisfatórios (DPR = 2,21 % e 2,16 % para concentrações de 5 e 50 ppm, respectivamente) e um limite de detecção de 295 ppb.…”