Flow cytometric immunophenotyping including Bcl-2 detection on fine needle aspirates in the diagnosis of reactive lymphadenopathy and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
“…BAAA'nın hücrenin canlılığını gösteren bir boya olması onu kriyoprezervasyon uygulanan hücrelerin ve canlılığı bozulmuş diğer örneklerin boyanmasında da yararlı kılar. CD34'e dayalı yöntemler canlı ve cansız hücreleri ayıramaz (14 …”
Objective:The preferred method for the purification of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which can easily differentiate into blood cells, is the selection of CD34 + cells by flow cytometry or magnetic discrimination. Methods are needed that effectively determine human stem cells without entirely relying on phenotypic cell surface markers. One of these methods is cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), which plays a role in retinoid metabolism and resistance of HSCs to alkylating agents such as cyclophosphamide. The prospective isolation of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with different functions, as well as surface markers, are also recommended by ALDH and flow cytometry. In the above findings, ALDH + cells can be isolated from other cells and the most primitive hematopoietic stem cells can be isolated and used in clinical applications. Materials and methods: In our study, we separated the CD34 surface marker cells from cord blood using magnetic nanoparticles and then purified the cells with ALDH activity and non-CD38 surface antigen by flow cytometer. We visualized these cell groups with fluorescence microscopy. Results: We observed that the majority of CD34 + cells were ALDH + in fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry (FACS) analysis of CD34 + cells purified from cord blood as a result of ALDH-FITC markings.
“…BAAA'nın hücrenin canlılığını gösteren bir boya olması onu kriyoprezervasyon uygulanan hücrelerin ve canlılığı bozulmuş diğer örneklerin boyanmasında da yararlı kılar. CD34'e dayalı yöntemler canlı ve cansız hücreleri ayıramaz (14 …”
Objective:The preferred method for the purification of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which can easily differentiate into blood cells, is the selection of CD34 + cells by flow cytometry or magnetic discrimination. Methods are needed that effectively determine human stem cells without entirely relying on phenotypic cell surface markers. One of these methods is cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), which plays a role in retinoid metabolism and resistance of HSCs to alkylating agents such as cyclophosphamide. The prospective isolation of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with different functions, as well as surface markers, are also recommended by ALDH and flow cytometry. In the above findings, ALDH + cells can be isolated from other cells and the most primitive hematopoietic stem cells can be isolated and used in clinical applications. Materials and methods: In our study, we separated the CD34 surface marker cells from cord blood using magnetic nanoparticles and then purified the cells with ALDH activity and non-CD38 surface antigen by flow cytometer. We visualized these cell groups with fluorescence microscopy. Results: We observed that the majority of CD34 + cells were ALDH + in fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry (FACS) analysis of CD34 + cells purified from cord blood as a result of ALDH-FITC markings.
“…If the clinical question arises from absolute lymphocytosis or lymph node or skin involvement, a diagnosis of chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL), 69 prolymphocytic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia (HCL) 70 or B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 71 should be evoked, although HCL may also be associated with leukopenia. Among B-cell lymphomas, the entities of Burkitt's, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular, mantle cell and marginal zone lymphoma should be the first to consider.…”
Section: Lpdsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Fine-needle aspirations may be used for primary screening and to avoid unnecessary biopsies of reactive lymph nodes. 71,74 It was agreed that three gating markers could be used to guide the subsequent steps of diagnosis. These would be CD19 as a hallmark of LPDs of the B lineage, CD3 for T lineage and CD56 for NK cells, although it should be noted that some of these disorders may be negative for these three markers.…”
The European LeukemiaNet (ELN), workpackage 10 (WP10) was designed to deal with diagnosis matters using morphology and immunophenotyping. This group aimed at establishing a consensus on the required reagents for proper immunophenotyping of acute leukemia and lymphoproliferative disorders. Animated discussions within WP10, together with the application of the Delphi method of proposals circulation, quickly led to post-consensual immunophenotyping panels for disorders on the ELN website. In this report, we established a comprehensive description of these panels, both mandatory and complementary, for both types of clinical conditions. The reason for using each marker, sustained by relevant literature information, is provided in detail. With the constant development of immunophenotyping techniques in flow cytometry and related software, this work aims at providing useful guidelines to perform the most pertinent exploration at diagnosis and for follow-up, with the best cost benefit in diseases, the treatment of which has a strong impact on health systems.
“…In most cancer cell populations there is a spectrum of antigen expression among cells, with some cells having high expression and others low or no expression of a particular antigen. Although antigen expression is usually high and stable in most B-cell populations, which are monoclonal in origin, some patient samples contain B cells that lack or have low levels of CD19 expression [131]. Obviously, B cells that do not express CD19 or that have low levels of CD19 will be less likely to respond to anti-CD19 SIL therapy.…”
Section: Failure To Respond and Resistance To Antibody-targeted Immunmentioning
Importance of the field-Targeted liposomal drugs represent the next evolution of liposomal drug delivery in cancer treatment. In various preclinical cancer models, antibody-targeted PEGylated liposomal drugs have demonstrated superior therapeutic effects over their non-targeted counterparts. Single chain Fv (scFv) has gained popularity in recent years as the targeting agent of choice over traditional targeting agents such as monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and antibody fragments (e.g., Fab′).Areas covered in this review-This review is focused mainly on advances in scFv-targeted liposomal drug delivery for the treatment of cancers, based on a survey of the recent literature, and on experiments done in a murine model of human B-lymphoma, using anti-CD19 targeted liposomes targeted with whole mAb, Fab′ fragments and scFv fragments.What the reader will gain-This review examines the recent advances in PEGylated immunoliposomal drug delivery, focusing on scFv fragments as targeting agents, in comparison with Fab′ and mAb.Take home message-For clinical development, scFv are potentially preferred targeting agents for PEGylated liposomes over mAb and Fab′, owing to factors such as decreased immunogenicity, and pharmacokinetics/biodistribution profiles that are similar to non-targeted PEGylated (Stealth ® ) liposomes.
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