Flow Behavior of Digesta and the Absorption of Nutrients in the Gastrointestine

Takahashi, Toru

doi:10.3177/jnsv.57.265

Cited by 36 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…4). Dietary fiber ingestion has been reported to increase the water content in the digesta residue of the large intestine (36,37), which in turn increases diffusion and absorption therein (38,39). Hence, decreased SCFA levels in cecal digesta of PDX + lactitol-fed rats could be due to the increased absorption in the cecum because of elevated water content in cecal digesta produced through fermentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous combined intake of polydextrose and lactitol stimulates cecal fermentation and salivary IgA secretion in rats

et al. 2017

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Immunoglobulin A (IgA), which plays an important role in infection defense, is upregulated in the large intestine and oral cavity through dietary fiber intake. However, the mechanism underlying salivary IgA increase through dietary fiber intake remains unknown. This study investigated timedependent effects of non-absorbable polydextrose (PDX) and lactitol intake on salivary IgA secretion and cecal fermentation. Five-week-old rats were fed a fiber-free diet with or without 25 g/kg PDX and 25 g/ kg lactitol for 1, 4, and 8 weeks. Compared to control, those who ingested PDX and lactitol had higher salivary IgA flow rates per weight of submandibular gland tissue at 4 and 8 weeks (P < 0.05), greater cecal weight and digesta at 1, 4, and 8 weeks (P < 0.05), and lower concentrations of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in cecal digesta (P = 0.0003). These findings suggest that the consumption of PDX and lactitol may upregulate salivary IgA secretion possibly by stimulating absorption of SCFAs produced by cecal fermentation. Thus, continuous ingestion of PDX and lactitol for up to 4 weeks could increase salivary IgA and promote immune defense against pathogen invasion through the oral route.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous combined intake of polydextrose and lactitol stimulates cecal fermentation and salivary IgA secretion in rats

et al. 2017

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“…To date, insoluble fibers had not been noted to affect the viscosity of the intestinal contents [17, 18], which should be a suppressor of the increment of the postprandial blood glucose level [19]. Accordingly, previous studies have focused on the suppressive effect of soluble fibers on postprandial blood glucose [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The postprandial blood glucose should depend negatively on the diffusion of glucose in the intestinal contents in the intestinal lumen [19]. Glucose in the intestinal lumen has to be translocated to the epithelium by self-diffusion in the poor mixing environment in the lumen [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glucose in the intestinal lumen has to be translocated to the epithelium by self-diffusion in the poor mixing environment in the lumen [19]. Such translocation of glucose into the lumen is a rate-limiting factor in the absorption rate of glucose [19]. The lower absorption rate of glucose accompanying high viscosity of the intestinal contents should suppress the increment of the postprandial blood glucose level [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insoluble Fiber in Young Barley Leaf Suppresses the Increment of Postprandial Blood Glucose Level by Increasing the Digesta Viscosity

Takano

Kamiya

Tomozawa

et al. 2013

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a well-known cereal plant. Young barley leaf is consumed as a popular green-colored drink, which is named “Aojiru” in Japan. We examined the effects of barley leaf powder (BLP) and insoluble fibers derived from BLP on postprandial blood glucose in rats and healthy Japanese volunteers. BLP and insoluble fibers derived from BLP suppressed the increment of postprandial blood glucose levels in rats (P < 0.01), and increased the viscosity of their digesta. The insoluble fibers present in BLP might play a role in controlling blood glucose level by increasing digesta viscosity. In human, BLP suppressed the increment of postprandial blood glucose level only in those which exhibited higher blood glucose levels after meals (P < 0.01). BLP might suppress the increment of postprandial blood glucose level by increasing digesta viscosity in both of rats and humans who require blood glucose monitoring.

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Spatial Control of Probiotic Bacteria in the Gastrointestinal Tract Assisted by Magnetic Particles

et al. 2021

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segments of the tract after oral administration can reduce efficacy. [3] A method to non-invasively localize and retain bacteria at specified locations could greatly facilitate the development and application of GI probiotics. [3,4] Here we introduce cellular localization assisted by magnetic particles (CLAMP)-an approach that uses locally amplified magnetic fields to provide noninvasive spatial control of cells within the GI tract. This approach takes advantage of the ability of magnetic fields to penetrate biological tissue and exert force on magnetic objects, as has been shown in numerous studies. In previous work, magnetic fields have been used to localize therapeutic mammalian cells and magnetotactic bacteria to tumors, [7][8][9] enhance site-specific cellular uptake of viral vectors or drug-containing liposomes, [10,11] pattern tissues, [12][13][14][15] and remotely control microrobots in vivo. [16] However, while these approaches were effective for heavily iron-loaded cells or nanoparticles, they are challenging to apply to common probiotic bacterial species in the GI tract. This challenge arises fundamentally from the difficulty of creating a sufficiently strong magnetic force to overcome viscous drag forces at the desired location of magnetic manipulation within the GI tract. The force on a magnetized (e.g., superparamagnetic) particle or cell is a product of the local magnetic field (B) and magnetic field gradient (∇B) (Equation 1), [17] which decay rapidly in space as 1/r 3 and 1/r 4 , respectively.

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Flow Behavior of Digesta and the Absorption of Nutrients in the Gastrointestine

Cited by 36 publications

References 46 publications

Continuous combined intake of polydextrose and lactitol stimulates cecal fermentation and salivary IgA secretion in rats

Continuous combined intake of polydextrose and lactitol stimulates cecal fermentation and salivary IgA secretion in rats

Insoluble Fiber in Young Barley Leaf Suppresses the Increment of Postprandial Blood Glucose Level by Increasing the Digesta Viscosity

Spatial Control of Probiotic Bacteria in the Gastrointestinal Tract Assisted by Magnetic Particles

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