Florida reef sponges harbor coral disease-associated microbes

Negandhi, Karita; Blackwelder, Patricia; Ereskovsky, Alexander; Lopez, Jose V.

doi:10.1007/s13199-010-0059-1

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…This prediction is consistent with the broad similarity of disease-related microorganisms found in various marine hosts, including sponges, gorgonian sea fans and corals (Webster et al, 2008;Ein-Gil et al, 2009;Negandhi et al, 2010).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Marine microbial symbiosis heats up: the phylogenetic and functional response of a sponge holobiont to thermal stress

et al. 2013

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Large-scale mortality of marine invertebrates is a major global concern for ocean ecosystems and many sessile, reef-building animals, such as sponges and corals, are experiencing significant declines through temperature-induced disease and bleaching. The health and survival of marine invertebrates is often dependent on intimate symbiotic associations with complex microbial communities, yet we have a very limited understanding of the detailed biology and ecology of both the host and the symbiont community in response to environmental stressors, such as elevated seawater temperatures. Here, we use the ecologically important sponge Rhopaloeides odorabile as a model to explore the changes in symbiosis during the development of temperature-induced necrosis. Expression profiling of the sponge host was examined in conjunction with the phylogenetic and functional structure and the expression profile of the symbiont community. Elevated temperature causes an immediate stress response in both the host and symbiont community, including reduced expression of functions that mediate their partnership. Disruption to nutritional interdependence and molecular interactions during early heat stress further destabilizes the holobiont, ultimately leading to the loss of archetypal sponge symbionts and the introduction of new microorganisms that have functional and expression profiles consistent with a scavenging lifestyle, a lack virulence functions and a high growth rate. Previous models have postulated various mechanisms of mortality and disease in marine invertebrates. Our study suggests that interruption of symbiotic interactions is a major determinant for mortality in marine sessile invertebrates. High symbiont specialization and low functional redundancy, thus make these holobionts extremely vulnerable to environmental perturbations, including climate change.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Marine microbial symbiosis heats up: the phylogenetic and functional response of a sponge holobiont to thermal stress

et al. 2013

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“…3). Representatives from Desulfovibrio have been identified in sponges previously (20) and are known coral pathogens (21). Finally, the marine hydrothermal vent samples contributed members of the Campylobacterales not detected in the L4-DeepSeq sample.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Evidence for a persistent microbial seed bank throughout the global ocean

Gibbons

Caporaso

Pirrung

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

195

165

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Do bacterial taxa demonstrate clear endemism, like macroorganisms, or can one site's bacterial community recapture the total phylogenetic diversity of the world's oceans? Here we compare a deep bacterial community characterization from one site in the English Channel (L4-DeepSeq) with 356 datasets from the International Census of Marine Microbes (ICoMM) taken from around the globe (ranging from marine pelagic and sediment samples to sponge-associated environments). At the L4-DeepSeq site, increasing sequencing depth uncovers greater phylogenetic overlap with the global ICoMM data. This site contained 31.7-66.2% of operational taxonomic units identified in a given ICoMM biome. Extrapolation of this overlap suggests that 1.93 × 10 11 sequences from the L4 site would capture all ICoMM bacterial phylogenetic diversity. Current technology trends suggest this limit may be attainable within 3 y. These results strongly suggest the marine biosphere maintains a previously undetected, persistent microbial seed bank.deep sequencing | microbial ecology | rare biosphere B aas Becking (1) proposed that, in microbial ecology, "everything is everywhere, but the environment selects," suggesting that variation in environmental factors drives biogeographic patterns of microbial community membership. Microbial communities are altered by environmental factors such as day length, pH, and biological interactions (2-5). In some ecosystems, community composition changes quickly across space and time as niches open and close; these changes may reflect rapid dispersal or rapid growth of rare or dormant taxa from a "microbial seed bank" (6-9). Many studies indicate that dispersal between distant environments is limited (10-13), implying that microbial communities also can be shaped by their demographic history, especially at finer phylogenetic levels.Sequencing costs now are dropping low enough to allow deep sequencing of individual microbial communities. Our L4-DeepSeq dataset (∼10 million 16S rRNA V6 reads) showed that nearly all operational taxonomic units (OTUs) identified at any time during a 72-mo time series from one location in the Western English Channel were present in this single deeply sequenced time point (6,14). Therefore, in this ecosystem, virtually all taxa were present at all times, but their abundance varied over many orders of magnitude as environmental conditions changed. These results suggest that, in contrast to the widely accepted model that the presence or absence of particular microbial taxa drives community structure, sufficient sequencing would show instead that global patterns of bacterial community composition within the marine biosphere consist primarily of changes in relative abundance of community members shared across all environments. In other words, the null hypothesis-that all bacteria are found in any particular environment because of an immense and persistent microbial seed bank-might be tested against the alternative hypothesis-that some environments lack some bacteria, i.e., that endemism exists-by s...

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“…In contrast, the DGGE bands from the white A. compressa tissues were most closely related to environmental sequences (polluted sands, microbial flocs and engineered microfiltration systems), to a 16S rRNA gene sequence derived from a heat stressed sponge, or to phylotypes implicated in coral diseases (white plague-like syndrome and black band disease). Whether sponges act as reservoirs for coral-disease associated bacteria, as has been proposed previously (Ein-Gil et al 2009, Negandhi et al 2010), or whether they are merely colonized by opportunistic bacteria capable of utilizing decaying material remains to be investigated. Indeed, many marine pathogens can be found in the environment, so their recovery from sponge tissues is not unexpected.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Sponge white patch disease affecting the Caribbean sponge Amphimedon compressa

Angermeier¹,

Glöckner²,

Pawlik³

et al. 2012

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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We report on a novel sponge disease, hereafter termed 'sponge white patch' (SWP), affecting the Caribbean sponge species Amphimedon compressa. SWP is characterized by distinctive white patches of variable size that are found irregularly on the branches of diseased sponges. Nearly 20% of the population of A. compressa at Dry Rocks Reef, Florida, USA, showed symptoms of SWP at the time of investigation

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Florida reef sponges harbor coral disease-associated microbes

Cited by 22 publications

References 78 publications

Marine microbial symbiosis heats up: the phylogenetic and functional response of a sponge holobiont to thermal stress

Marine microbial symbiosis heats up: the phylogenetic and functional response of a sponge holobiont to thermal stress

Evidence for a persistent microbial seed bank throughout the global ocean

Sponge white patch disease affecting the Caribbean sponge Amphimedon compressa

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