Sponge white patch disease affecting the Caribbean sponge Amphimedon compressa

Angermeier, Hilde; Glöckner, V.; Pawlik, Joseph R.; Lindquist, Niels; Hentschel, Ute

doi:10.3354/dao02460

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…It was experimentally induced by a single bacterial morphotype (strain NW4327), which after inoculation was seen to burrow through the collagenous spongin fibres causing severe necrosis (Webster et al 2002). Later, Angermeier et al (2012) found a similar alphaproteobacterium associated with a different disease, SWP, in the Caribbean. However, in this latter study, they could not confirm whether the sponge boring bacterium were true pathogens or merely opportunistic colonisers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel sponge disease caused by a consortium of micro-organisms

2015

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In healthy sponges, microbes have been shown to account for up to 40 % of tissues. The majority of these are thought to originate from survivors evading digestion and immune responses of the sponge and growing and residing in the microenvironments of the mesophyll. Although a large percentage of these microbes are likely commensals, they may also include potentially pathogenic agents, which under specific conditions, such as temperature stress, may cause disease. Here we report a novel disease (sponge necrosis syndrome) that is severely affecting populations of the sponge Callyspongia (Euplacella) aff biru. Both ITS fungal and 16S rDNA bacterial diversities were assessed in healthy and diseased individuals, highlighting six potential primary causal agents for this new disease: two bacteria, a Rhodobacteraceae sp. and a cyanobacterium, Hormoscilla spongeliae (formally identified as Oscillatoria spongeliae), and four fungi, a Ascomycota sp., a Pleosporales sp., a Rhabdocline sp., and a Clasosporium sp. Furthermore, histological analysis showed the dominance of fungal hyphae rather than bacteria throughout the disease lesion, which was absent or rare in healthy tissues. Inoculation trails showed that only a combination of one bacterium and one fungus could replicate the disease, fulfilling Henle–Koch’s postulates and showing that this sponge disease is caused by a poly-microbial consortium

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel sponge disease caused by a consortium of micro-organisms

2015

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“…Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria (Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria), Verrucomicrobia, and Nitrospira phyla are the most common both in marine [4,10] and freshwater sponges [11][12][13][14]. Sponge disease outbreaks or mass mortality events have been reported for more than a century, with more than 20 events studied, sometimes affecting several species and large areas [4,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. However, reports and investigations on the conditions of freshwater sponge disease outbreaks are rare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brown Rot Syndrome and Changes in the Bacterial Сommunity of the Baikal Sponge Lubomirskia baicalensis

et al. 2017

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Mass mortality events have led to a collapse of the sponge fauna of Lake Baikal. We describe a new Brown Rot Syndrome affecting the endemic species Lubomirskia baicalensis. The main symptoms are the appearance of brown patches at the sponge surface, necrosis, and cyanobacterial fouling. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to characterize the bacterial community of healthy versus diseased sponges, in order to identify putative pathogens. The relative abundance of 89 eubacterial OTUs out of 340 detected has significantly changed between healthy and diseased groups. This can be explained by the depletion of host-specific prokaryotes and by the appearance and proliferation of disease-specific OTUs. In diseased sponges, the most represented OTUs belong to the families Oscillatoriaceae, Cytophagaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, Chitinophagaceae, Sphingobacteriaceae, Burkholderiaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Comamonadaceae, Oxalobacteraceae, and Xanthomonadaceae. Although these families may contain pathogenic agents, the primary causes of changes in the sponge bacterial community and their relationship with Brown Rot Syndrome remain unclear. A better understanding of this ecological crisis will thus require a more integrative approach.

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“…Shifts of microbial community structures have been observed in diseased sponges (Angermeier et al, 2012; Gao et al, 2014). Microorganisms including Cyanobacteria, fungi, viruses, Alphaproteobacteria, and representatives of the genera Bacillus and Pseudomonas are considered potential pathogens that cause sponge disease (Webster, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrosequencing revealed shifts of prokaryotic communities between healthy and disease-like tissues of the Red Sea spongeCrella cyathophora

Gao

Wang

Tian

et al. 2015

PeerJ

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Sponge diseases have been widely reported, yet the causal factors and major pathogenic microbes remain elusive. In this study, two individuals of the sponge Crella cyathophora in total that showed similar disease-like characteristics were collected from two different locations along the Red Sea coast separated by more than 30 kilometers. The disease-like parts of the two individuals were both covered by green surfaces, and the body size was much smaller compared with adjacent healthy regions. Here, using high-throughput pyrosequencing technology, we investigated the prokaryotic communities in healthy and disease-like sponge tissues as well as adjacent seawater. Microbes in healthy tissues belonged mainly to the Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidetes, and were much more diverse at the phylum level than reported previously. Interestingly, the disease-like tissues from the two sponge individuals underwent shifts of prokaryotic communities and were both enriched with a novel clade affiliated with the phylum Verrucomicrobia, implying its intimate connection with the disease-like Red Sea sponge C. cyathophora. Enrichment of the phylum Verrucomicrobia was also considered to be correlated with the presence of algae assemblages forming the green surface of the disease-like sponge tissues. This finding represents an interesting case of sponge disease and is valuable for further study.

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Sponge white patch disease affecting the Caribbean sponge Amphimedon compressa

Cited by 31 publications

References 31 publications

A novel sponge disease caused by a consortium of micro-organisms

A novel sponge disease caused by a consortium of micro-organisms

Brown Rot Syndrome and Changes in the Bacterial Сommunity of the Baikal Sponge Lubomirskia baicalensis

Pyrosequencing revealed shifts of prokaryotic communities between healthy and disease-like tissues of the Red Sea spongeCrella cyathophora

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