Floral Ecology Report on the Years 1981(79) to 1985

Gottsberger, Gerhard

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-45607-7_22

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 364 publications

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“…Further, the pollen grains are sticky and there is no possibility for their dissemination into the air during wet season. The sticky and echinate nature of the grains in this species is an adaptive feature for entomophily and is also advantageous for the bees and wasps to collect and transport them to their nest (Gottsberger 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollination biology of Eriolaena hookeriana Wight & Arn. (Sterculiaceae), a rare tree species of Eastern Ghats, India

Raju¹,

Chandra²,

Ramana³

et al. 2014

J. Threat. Taxa

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Eriolaena hookeriana is a rare medium-sized deciduous tree species. The flowering is very brief and occurs during early wet season. The flowers attract certain bees such as Apis dorsata, Halictus sp., Anthophora sp., Xylocopa latipes, and also the wasp, Rhynchium sp. at the study sites. These foragers collect both pollen and nectar during which they contact the stamens and stigma and effect self-or cross-pollination. Nectar depletion by thrips during bud and flower phase and the production of few flowers daily at tree level drive the pollinator insects to visit conspecific plants to gather more forage and in this process they maximize cross-pollination. The hermaphroditic flowers with the stigmatose style beyond the height of stamens and the sticky pollen grains do not facilitate autogamy but promote outcrossing. The study showed that pollinator limitation is responsible for the low fruit set but it is, however, partly compensated by multiseeded fruits. Bud and anther predation by beetles also affects reproductive success. Explosive fruit dehiscence and anemochory are special characteristics; these events occur during the dry season. The plant is used for various purposes locally and hence the surviving individuals are threatened. The study suggests that the rocky and nutrient-poor soils, the pollinator limitation, bud and anther predation, establishment problems and local uses collectively contribute to the rare occurrence of E. hookeriana in the Eastern Ghats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollination biology of Eriolaena hookeriana Wight & Arn. (Sterculiaceae), a rare tree species of Eastern Ghats, India

Raju¹,

Chandra²,

Ramana³

et al. 2014

J. Threat. Taxa

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show abstract

“…With an estimated 350,000 species, the producers of these signals, the angiospenn plants, are the most successful division of land plants, and the vast majority of them rely on animals as pollen vectors (e.g., 80% in central Europe; Gottsberger, 1989). The large variety of signals used to advertise to pollinators has been implicated in facilitating efficient and directed pollen transfer (Heinrich, 1975;Waser and Price, 1983;Menzel and Shmida, 1993), but also as isolating mechanisms, in speciation processes and maintenance of plant species integrity (Grant, 1949;Jones, 1978;Gottsberger, 1989; but see Chittka and Waser, 1997, this issue). Floral color signals have been assumed to influence the evolution of their receivers, i.e., the color vision systems of flower-visiting animals (Chittka and Menzel, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bee Color Vision Is Optimal for Coding Flower Color, but Flower Colors Are Not Optimal for Being Coded—why?

Chittka

1997

Israel J Plant Sci

100

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Model calculations are used to detennine an optimal color coding system for identifying flower colors, and to see whether flower colors are well suited for being encoded. It is shown that the trichromatic color vision of bees comprises UV, blue, and green receptors whose wavelength positions are optimal for identifying flower colors. But did flower colors actually drive the evolution of bee color vision? A phylogenetic analysis reveals that UV, blue, and green receptors were probably present in the ancestors of crustaceans and insects 570 million years ago, and thus predate the evolution of flower color by at least 400 million years. In what ways did flower colors adapt to insect color vision? The variability of flower color is subject to constraint. Flowers are clustered in the bee color space (probably because of biochemical constraints), and different plant families differ strongly in their variation of color (which points to phylogenetic constraint). However, flower colors occupy areas of color space that are significantly different from those occupied by common background materials, such as green foliage. Finally, models are developed to test whether the colors of flowers of sympatric and simultaneously blooming species diverge or converge to a higher degree than expected by chance. Such effects are indeed found in some habitats.

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Floral Ecology

Gottsberger

1989

Progress in Botany

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Floral Ecology Report on the Years 1981(79) to 1985

Cited by 6 publications

References 364 publications

Pollination biology of Eriolaena hookeriana Wight & Arn. (Sterculiaceae), a rare tree species of Eastern Ghats, India

Pollination biology of Eriolaena hookeriana Wight & Arn. (Sterculiaceae), a rare tree species of Eastern Ghats, India

Bee Color Vision Is Optimal for Coding Flower Color, but Flower Colors Are Not Optimal for Being Coded—why?

Floral Ecology

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