Floral Developmental Morphology of<i>Amborella trichopoda</i>(Amborellaceae)

Buzgo, Matyas; Soltis, Pamela S.; Soltis, Douglas E.

doi:10.1086/424024

Cited by 130 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…1 %) of complete sex change events in a population of young plants grown from seed. These findings confirm observations by Buzgo et al (2004), who noted similar sex changes in A. trichopoda grown from cuttings. Secondly, we found a variable proportion of bisexual flowers on some predominantly male individuals in both ex situ and in situ populations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Dioecy inAmborella trichopoda:evidence for genetically based sex determination and its consequences for inferences of the breeding system in early angiosperms

Anger¹,

Fogliani²,

Scutt³

et al. 2017

Ann Bot

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Background and Aims This work aimed to gain insight into the breeding system at the base of living angiosperms through both character state reconstructions and the study of sex ratios and phenotypes in the likely sister to all other living angiosperms, Amborella trichopoda.Methods Sex phenotypes were mapped onto a phylogeny of basally diverging angiosperms using maximum parsimony. In parallel, sex ratios and phenotypes were studied over two consecutive flowering seasons in an ex situ population of A. trichopoda, while the sex ratio of an in situ population was also assessed.Key Results Parsimony analyses failed to resolve the breeding system present at the base of living angiosperms, but indicated the importance of A. trichopoda for the future elucidation of this question. The ex situ A. trichopoda population studied showed a primary sex ratio close to 1:1, though sex ratio bias was found in the in situ population studied. Instances of sexual instability were quantified in both populations.Conclusions Sex ratio data support the presence of genetic sex determination in A. trichopoda, whose further elucidation may guide inferences on the breeding system at the base of living angiosperms. Sexual instability in A. trichopoda suggests the operation of epigenetic mechanisms, and the evolution of dioecy via a gynodioecious intermediate.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Dioecy inAmborella trichopoda:evidence for genetically based sex determination and its consequences for inferences of the breeding system in early angiosperms

Anger¹,

Fogliani²,

Scutt³

et al. 2017

Ann Bot

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“…The molecular mechanisms responsible for this distinction likely lie within the machinery of the ABCE model itself. Especially relevant is the "fading borders" modification of the ABCE model (32), in which floral transcriptional regulators are broadly arrayed across the flower with gradually fading gradients of influence from focal to peripheral organ categories imparting intergrading morphologies across floral organs (Fig. 5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation and canalization of gene expression during angiosperm diversification accompany the origin and evolution of the flower

Chanderbali

Yoo²,

Zahn³

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The origin and rapid diversification of the angiosperms (Darwin's "Abominable Mystery") has engaged generations of researchers. Here, we examine the floral genetic programs of phylogenetically pivotal angiosperms (water lily, avocado, California poppy, and Arabidopsis) and a nonflowering seed plant (a cycad) to obtain insight into the origin and subsequent evolution of the flower. Transcriptional cascades with broadly overlapping spatial domains, resembling the hypothesized ancestral gymnosperm program, are deployed across morphologically intergrading organs in water lily and avocado flowers. In contrast, spatially discrete transcriptional programs in distinct floral organs characterize the more recently derived angiosperm lineages represented by California poppy and Arabidopsis. Deep evolutionary conservation in the genetic programs of putatively homologous floral organs traces to those operating in gymnosperm reproductive cones. Female gymnosperm cones and angiosperm carpels share conserved genetic features, which may be associated with the ovule developmental program common to both organs. However, male gymnosperm cones share genetic features with both perianth (sterile attractive and protective) organs and stamens, supporting the evolutionary origin of the floral perianth from the male genetic program of seed plants.

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“…An unusual developmental feature is that the floral organs are especially crowded in bud so that they become irregularly compressed and are difficult to study during this phase (Endress & Igersheim, 2000b;Posluszny & Tomlinson, 2003;Buzgo & al., 2004). They show a high degree of imprinted shapes (see Endress, 2008b).…”

Section: Main Clades Of the Basal Living Angiosperms And Their Speciamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancestral traits and specializations in the flowers of the basal grade of living angiosperms

Endress

Doyle

2015

TAXON

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New morphological and phylogenetic data prompt us to present an updated review of floral morphology and its evolution in the basal ANITA grade of living angiosperms, Chloranthaceae, and Ceratophyllum. Floral phyllotaxis is complex whorled in Nymphaeales and spiral in Amborella and Austrobaileyales. It is unresolved whether phyllotaxis was ancestrally whorled or spiral, but if it was whorled, the whorls were trimerous. The flowers are probably ancestrally bisexual because in most families with unisexual flowers these flowers exhibit rudiments of the opposite sex. Carpels are largely ascidiate and the closure line is short, either transverse or longitudinal. A style is usually absent or, if present, generally short and not plicate. Angiospermy (carpel sealing) is by secretion, rather than postgenital fusion, except in large‐flowered Nymphaeales and in Illicium, correlated with unusual fruits. Carpels with a single, median, pendent ovule are probably plesiomorphic. Chloranth‐ aceae and Ceratophyllaceae have an unsettled phylogenetic position, but in some phylogenetic analyses they form a clade, which may be sister to the remaining mesangiosperms (Magnoliidae, monocots, eudicots). This position is supported by their carpel characters, which are similar to those of the ANITA grade and different from those of most other mesangiosperms.

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Floral Developmental Morphology ofAmborella trichopoda(Amborellaceae)

Cited by 130 publications

References 97 publications

Dioecy inAmborella trichopoda:evidence for genetically based sex determination and its consequences for inferences of the breeding system in early angiosperms

Dioecy inAmborella trichopoda:evidence for genetically based sex determination and its consequences for inferences of the breeding system in early angiosperms

Conservation and canalization of gene expression during angiosperm diversification accompany the origin and evolution of the flower

Ancestral traits and specializations in the flowers of the basal grade of living angiosperms

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