Floral Anatomy and Pollination Biology of Cyrilla racemiflora (Cyrillaceae)

Dute, Roland R.; Folkerts, Debbie R.; Watkins, James E.; Saxon, Milam E.; Boyd, Robert S.

doi:10.1656/1528-7092(2004)003[0309:faapbo]2.0.co;2

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Papillate epidermis without clear function is also found in several species, e.g., on the adaxial side of a mature leaf and anther surface of Pentadiplandra braszeana (Pentadiplandraceae) (Ronse de Craene 2002) and the anther filament of Trichocline (Asteraceae). In contrast, papillate cells can be secretory, as demonstrated in Acoraceae (Buzgo and Endress 2000) and Cyrilla racemiflora (Cyrillaceae) (Dute et al 2004). Further examinations are required into the significance of the papillate epidermis in Trochodendron.…”

Section: Perianth In Trochodendronmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Identification of A‐, B‐, C‐, and E‐Class MADS‐box Genes and Implications for Perianth Evolution in the Basal EudicotTrochodendron aralioides(Trochodendraceae)

Hu³

2007

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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Trochodendron aralioides is the sole member of the family Trochodendraceae, which belongs to the basal eudicots, has vesselless wood, and lacks a distinct perianth. Our observations confirmed that there are numerous perianth-like structures and that the number of these structures differs between protandrous and protogynous flowers and among the positions within an inflorescence. The epidermal cells on many floral parts of T. aralioides are papillate or conical, similar to the ones of ordinary showy petals of other species. The data in this article support the hypothesis that the perianth of Trochodendron has been secondarily lost and suggest that some aspects of petal identity, e.g., papillate cells, have been retained that might be important for pollinator attraction. We have identified 11 homologues of floral organ identity genes-two A-class, three Bclass, two C-class, and four E-class homologous genes-from T. aralioides. Phylogenetic analysis shows that all of the genes arose before a major duplication of MADS-box genes at the base of the core eudicots. Expression patterns for those floral organ identity gene homologues was determined by reverse transcriptase PCR, which showed variations that do not conform well to the current floral ABCDE model. In addition, all paralogous genes have distinct expression patterns, suggesting that they had undergone functional divergence.

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Section: Perianth In Trochodendronmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Identification of A‐, B‐, C‐, and E‐Class MADS‐box Genes and Implications for Perianth Evolution in the Basal EudicotTrochodendron aralioides(Trochodendraceae)

Hu³

2007

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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“…In Clethraceae and Cyrill aceae, the styles are less than 10% free and more or less erect, whereas the styles in the sarracenioid clade are typically free for at least 20% and distally spreading (Qin & Fritsch, 2005;Lemke, 2009;Tucker & Jones, 2009;Löfstrand & Schönenberger, 2015). As the degree of within-whorl organ union is highly variable in Ericales and relatively few taxa in these families have been studied in detail (Kavaljian, 1952;Copeland, 1953;Dute & al., 2004;Löfstrand & Schönenberger, 2015), we applied a conservative approach distinguishing only between completely united and partially or completely free styles. Based on this definition of the trait, the ancestor of the sarracenioid clade indeed had free styles, but the trait is reconstructed as a parallelism with the ancestor of the ericoid clade, whereas the ancestor of core Ericales appears to have had completely united styles (Fig.…”

Section: Version Of Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular phylogenetics and floral evolution in the sarracenioid clade (Actinidiaceae, Roridulaceae and Sarraceniaceae) of Ericales

Löfstrand

Schönenberger

2015

TAXON

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The sarracenioid families (Actinidiaceae, Roridulaceae, Sarraceniaceae) were rarely affiliated with other ericalean taxa in pre‐molecular classifications and have seldom been considered closely related to each other. In molecular phylogenetic studies, the sarracenioids form a strongly supported clade and are sister to the ericoid clade (Clethraceae, Cyrillaceae, Ericaceae); the sarracenioids and ericoids together make up core Ericales. To date, no phylogenetic study has included all sarracenioid genera (Actinidia, Clematoclethra and Saurauia in Actinidiaceae; Roridula in Roridulaceae; Darlingtonia, Heliamphora and Sarracenia in Sarraceniaceae). In particular, the monophyly of Saurauia has not previously been tested using molecular characters. We shed light on the phylogenetic relationships within the sarracenioid clade and, based on ancestral state reconstructions, test floral characters previously suggested as potential synapomorphies for the sarracenioids and ericoids. Phylogenetic analysis was performed for the DNA regions ITS, rbcL, rpl32‐trnL, trnK and trnL‐F using RAxML, MrBayes and PAUP*. Our results support the monophyly of the sarracenioid clade as well as of all its families and non‐monotypic genera. Two distinct geographical lineages are identified in Saurauia; the two lineages are characterised by differences in petal union (choripetaly versus sympetaly), style union (free versus partially united), gynoecium merism and base chromosome numbers. Our analyses identify the following floral characters as synapomorphic for core Ericales: adaxial anther attachment, anther inversion and a depression at the ovary‐to‐style transition. Proximally thick to massive petals, the presence of a nucellar hypostase in ovules and polystemony are synapomorphies of the sarracenioid clade. The presence of calcium oxalate raphides, mucilage cells, a secretory inner gynoecium surface and the absence of synlateral vasculature in the ovary are synapomorphies of the Actinidiaceae‐Roridulaceae clade. A two‐whorled androecium is a synapomorphy of the ericoid clade.

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