A systematic survey of floral nectaries

Bernardello, Gabriel

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-5937-7_2

Cited by 159 publications

(195 citation statements)

References 477 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

167

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This model of nectary structure has been reported for many other plant species (Durkee 1983;Fahn 1979Fahn , 1988Fahn , 2000Bernardello 2007;Davies and Stpiczyńska 2008), regardless of taxonomic position and nectary location (e.g. 'nectaria caduca' and 'nectaria persistentia' sensu Smets and Crescens 1988).…”

Section: Nectary Structuresupporting

confidence: 72%

“…The position and structure of nectaries and the composition of their nectar provide important taxonomic characters (Percival 1961;Baker and Baker 1983;Endress 1995;Rudall et al 2000Rudall et al , 2003Smets et al 2000;van Wyk 2002;Rønsted et al 2005;Bernardello 2007). This is also the case for the relatively large genus Fritillaria L., which comprises about 130 species of diverse habit and flower morphology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Secretion and composition of nectar and the structure of perigonal nectaries in Fritillaria meleagris L. (Liliaceae)

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The structure of perigonal nectaries, nectar production and carbohydrate composition were compared at various stages in the lifespan of the flower of Fritillaria meleagris L. The six nectaries each occupied a groove that is located 2-4 mm above the tepal base. The average nectary measured 11.0 mm long and 1.0-1.2 mm wide. The structure of nectaries situated on both inner and outer tepal whorls was identical, and at anthesis they were equally accessible to potential pollinators. However, secretion from nectaries associated with inner tepals tended to exceed that produced by nectaries located on the outer tepals. On average, regardless of flower stage, one flower secreted 10.87 ± 12.98 mg of nectar (mean and SD; N = 182). The nectar concentration ranged between 3 and 75%, with average concentration of sugars exceeding 50%. Both nectar production and concentration were dependent on the stage of anthesis, with the highest scores being recorded during full anthesis (21.75 ± 16.08 mg; 70.5%, mass and concentration, respectively) and the lowest at the end of anthesis (1.32 ± 2.69 mg; 16.9%, mass and concentration, respectively). A decline in both mass of nectar secreted and nectar concentration during the final stage of anthesis indicates nectar resorption. Nectar was composed of sucrose, glucose and fructose in approx. equal quantities, and its composition did not change significantly during subsequent stages of flowering. The nectaries comprised a single-layered secretory epidermis and several layers of subepidermal parenchyma. The nectariferous cells did not accumulate starch during any of the investigated stages. The nectary was supplied with one large and several smaller vascular bundles comprising xylem and phloem. Transport of assimilates and nectar secretion by protoplasts of secretory cells (and probably also nectar resorption) were facilitated by cell wall ingrowths present on the tangential walls of epidermal cells and subepidermal parenchyma. Epidermal cells lacked stomata. Nectar passed across the cell wall and through the cuticle which was clearly perforated with pores.

show abstract

Section: Nectary Structuresupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secretion and composition of nectar and the structure of perigonal nectaries in Fritillaria meleagris L. (Liliaceae)

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Melanium are specified by the following criteria, which differentiate them from others, for example, from members of sect. Viola: differences in flower color, corolla size and shape, lateral petal position, stigma morphology, length of the nectar spur and nectariferous appendages of the stamens (Kraemer 1899;Church 1908;Clausen 1929;Valentine 1962;Valentine et al 1968;Bernardello 2007), and pollination ecology (Church 1908;Beattie 1971Beattie , 1972Beattie , 1974. Because the morphological characters of pansy flowers vary within species and are influenced by developmental, genetic or environmental factors (Kristofferson 1923), here we used additional micro-morphological characters for diagnosis of the violets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral structure and pollen morphology of two zinc violets (Viola lutea ssp. calaminaria and V. lutea ssp. westfalica) indicate their taxonomic affinity to Viola lutea

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Floral structure and pollen morphology of two zinc violets (Viola lutea ssp. calaminaria and V. lutea ssp. westfalica) indicate their taxonomic affinity to Viola lutea Abstract Two zinc violets, the yellow form of the Aachen-Liège area and the blue morph of Blankenrode in western Westphalia, have very restricted occurrence on heavy metal waste heaps. Their taxonomic affinities have not been finally resolved. The flower micromorphological analysis presented here indicates that both zinc violets are closely related to the alpine Viola lutea, in line with our earlier published molecular data, but not with the conclusions of other authors. The zinc violets are classed at the rank of subspecies as V. lutea: ssp. calaminaria for the yellow zinc violet and ssp. westfalica for its blue counterpart. Although the violets examined (V. lutea, V. lutea ssp. calaminaria, V. lutea ssp. westfalica) are closely related, there is no evidence that V. lutea ssp. westfalica is a descendent of V. tricolor. Here we provide the most detailed information on generative organ structure in the four violets studied.

show abstract

“…Un grand nombre de plantes à fleurs actuelles sécrètent du nectar (Percival, 1961 ;Bernardello, 2007), mais ceci n'est pas un caractère propre à l'ensemble des Angiospermes : la très grande diversité de formes, structures et positions florales des nectaires laisse supposer de multiples événements d'apparitions indépendantes et de disparitions de ce caractère au cours de l'évolution au sein des différentes lignées évolutives (Bernardello, 2007). Les nectaires ont par exemple disparu chez les fleurs du genre Solanum (exemple : la tomate), où seul le pollen attire les insectes qui les visitent, alors qu'ils sont présents dans la plupart des autres genres de la famille des Solanaceae.…”

Section: Origine éVolutive Des Nectaires Florauxunclassified

Mesurer la sécrétion nectarifère : exemple d'une lignée hybride F1 et de son parent mâle stérile chez le colza d'hiver (Brassica napusL.)

Chabert¹,

Lemoine²,

Fronteau³

et al. 2017

OCL

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reçu le 5 octobre 2017 -Accepté le 7 novembre 2017Résumé -Au cours de l'histoire évolutive des plantes à fleurs, l'apparition des nectaires floraux a permis de substituer le pollen par du nectar pour attirer les animaux pollinisateurs, permettant de diminuer les coûts de la pollinisation animale liés à la consommation du pollen. Dans les productions de semence hybride des cultures entomophiles, connaître le niveau de sécrétion nectarifère des lignées en présence, mâle fertile (MF) et mâle stérile (MS), est important si l'on souhaite maximiser les transferts de pollen entre les deux. Dans cet article, nous faisons tout d'abord une revue des méthodes qui existent pour mesurer la sécrétion nectarifère, puis retenons celle qui mesure un taux de sécrétion brut, qui permet d'exprimer une vitesse de sécrétion, pour l'utiliser sur deux lignées de colza d'hiver (Brassica napus L.), la variété hybride F1 Exocet MF et son parent MS. Nous montrons que la sécrétion nectarifère du colza est constante sur un intervalle de temps de 6-8 heures durant les heures du jour, que cette sécrétion admet une température optimale se situant entre 20°C et 30°C, et qu'elle est autour de deux fois moindre chez le parent MS par rapport à la lignée F1. Ces résultats permettent de proposer une méthode de mesure rigoureuse pour comparer la sécrétion nectarifère entre lignées ou variétés. Nous concluons sur les principales autres variables dont il faudrait tenir compte pour notamment pouvoir estimer la quantité totale de nectar sécrétée par une surface donnée de culture.Mots clés : méthode / sécrétion nectarifère / colza / semence hybride / température Abstract -Measuring nectar secretion: the example of an F1 hybrid and its male sterile parent in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). During the evolutionary history of flowering plants, the appearance of floral nectaries allowed the replacement of pollen by nectar to attract pollinators, allowing lower costs involved in animal pollination by reducing the consumption of pollen. In the hybrid seed productions of entomophilous crops, knowing the levels of nectar secretion of the different lines, the male fertile (MF) and the male sterile (MS) ones, is important to maximize pollen transfers between them. In this study, we start with a review of current methods used to measure nectar secretion, and choose the one that provides a gross secretion rate in order to use it on two winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) lines, the hybrid F1 'Exocet' and its MS parent. We show that oilseed rape has a gross nectar secretion rate that is constant over a period of 6-8 hours during daylight hours, that it has a thermal optimum included between 20°C and 30°C, and that the parental MS line secretes about half as much as the hybrid F1 one. These results enable us to propose a rigorous method to compare nectar secretions between lines and varieties. We conclude with the main other variables that should be taken into account to estimate the total amount of nectar produced by a given area of crop.

show abstract

A systematic survey of floral nectaries

Cited by 159 publications

References 477 publications

Secretion and composition of nectar and the structure of perigonal nectaries in Fritillaria meleagris L. (Liliaceae)

Secretion and composition of nectar and the structure of perigonal nectaries in Fritillaria meleagris L. (Liliaceae)

Floral structure and pollen morphology of two zinc violets (Viola lutea ssp. calaminaria and V. lutea ssp. westfalica) indicate their taxonomic affinity to Viola lutea

Mesurer la sécrétion nectarifère : exemple d'une lignée hybride F1 et de son parent mâle stérile chez le colza d'hiver (Brassica napusL.)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About