Floral Analysis as a New Approach to Evaluate the Nutritional Status of Olive Trees

Khelil, M. Ben; Sanaa, Mustapha; Msallem, M.; Larbi, Ajmi

doi:10.1080/01904160903575873

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…As flowers in many fruit tree species appear well before any leaf material is present, this makes it possible to detect nutritional disorders very early in the season (Sanz and Montañés, 1995) and to prognose abnormal nutrition before symptoms appear (Montañés Millán et al, 1997). Flower analysis seems to be reliable at predicting macronutrient (N and P) and micronutrient (Cu, Zn, and Mn) levels in 'Arbequina' olive, as concentrations at the petal whitening stage were significantly correlated with the contents in leaves taken later, at the stone hardening stage, which coincides with the standard date for leaf sampling (Ben Khelil et al, 2010). Flower analysis could also determine the concentration of Fe for the prognosis of Fe deficiency of pear and peach trees in soils with a high pH and high total and active lime contents as an alternative to the analysis of leaf samples taken at 60 and 120 DAFB from pear trees and at 60 DAFB from peach trees (Sanz and Montañés, 1995).…”

Section: ) Flower Analysismentioning

confidence: 62%

Methods for Nutrient Diagnosis of Fruit Trees Early in the Growing Season by Using Simultaneous Multi-element Analysis

Matsuoka

2020

Hortic J

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Fruit tree nutrition is one of the most important factors in terms of growth and productivity. Measurement of nutritional requirements is an important aspect of nutrient management because nutritional disorders reduce yield and fruit quality. This review explores how nutrient imbalances affect the yield and fruit quality of fruit trees, and presents methods for diagnosing fruit tree nutritional disorders in order to correct nutritional deficiencies. In orchards, differences between soil sampling sites and locations of fruit tree roots when the root system is deep and unevenly distributed make it difficult to obtain representative soil samples from which to measure the forms of nutrients available to the trees. The delayed response of fruit trees to fertilizer applications compared with annual crops makes it difficult to determine their nutritional status through soil analysis immediately after application. In addition to soil analysis, plant tissue analysis is used to determine nutritional status and fruit tree nutritional requirements. In particular, earlier analysis in the growing season could allow sufficient time to correct any deficiencies before harvest. A recent approach that relies on analysis of the ionome, which is defined as the entire mineral nutrient and trace element complement in an organism, through simultaneous quantitative measurement enables comprehensive evaluation of multi-element composition. This approach could be especially effective as major decreases in yield and fruit quality are often caused by the interaction of several elements. Until recently, studies of fruit tree nutritional disorders have focused on particular nutrients, not multiple elements. Therefore, the application of ionomic analysis is a promising approach to elucidate multi-element interactions for accurate diagnosis of nutritional disorders.

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Section: ) Flower Analysismentioning

confidence: 62%

Methods for Nutrient Diagnosis of Fruit Trees Early in the Growing Season by Using Simultaneous Multi-element Analysis

Matsuoka

2020

Hortic J

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“…For many commercial tree crops, nutrient concentrations of tissues including flowers, entire inflorescences, leaf petioles, pedicels (stems of individual flowers and fruit), and young developing fruit have proven to be valuable sources of supplemental information or alternatives to leaf analysis for diagnosing tree nutrient status (Castillo-Gonzalez et al, 2000;Khelil et al, 2010;Martinez et al, 2003;Nyomora et al, 1997;Razeto and Castro, 2007;Razeto and Salgado, 2004;Sanz and Carrera, 1994). The greater sensitivity of inflorescence and fruit pedicel tissues than leaves for quantifying changes in tree nutrient status relative to yield has been demonstrated for avocado trees in Chile (Razeto and Castro, 2007;Razeto and Salgado, 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

Optimal Nutrient Concentration Ranges of ‘Hass’ Avocado Cauliflower Stage Inflorescences—Potential Diagnostic Tool to Optimize Tree Nutrient Status and Increase Yield

Campisi-Pinto¹,

Zheng²,

Rolshausen³

et al. 2017

horts

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Optimizing ‘Hass’ avocado (Persea americana Mill.) tree nutrient status is essential for maximizing productivity. Leaf nutrient analysis is used to guide avocado fertilization to maintain tree nutrition. The goal of this research was to identify a ‘Hass’ avocado tissue with nutrient concentrations predictive of yields greater than 40 kg of fruit per tree. This threshold was specified to assist the California avocado industry to increase yields to ≈11,200 kg·ha−1. Nutrient concentrations of cauliflower stage inflorescences (CSI) collected in March proved better predictors of yield than inflorescences collected at full bloom (FBI) in April, fruit pedicels (FP) collected at five different stages of avocado tree phenology from the end of fruit set in June through April the following spring when mature fruit enter a second period of exponential growth, or 6-month-old spring flush leaves (LF) from nonbearing vegetative shoots collected in September (California avocado industry standard). For CSI tissue, concentrations of seven nutrients, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) were predictive of trees producing greater than 40 kg of fruit annually. Conditional quantile sampling and frequency analysis were used to identify optimum nutrient concentration ranges (ONCR) for each nutrient. Optimum ratios between nutrient concentrations and yields greater than 40 kg per tree were also derived. The high nutrient concentrations characterizing CSI tissue suggest current fertilization practices (timing or amounts) might be causing nutrient imbalances at this stage of avocado tree phenology that are limiting productivity, a possibility that warrants further investigation. Because CSI samples can be collected 4–6 weeks before full bloom, nutritional problems can be addressed before they affect flower retention and fruit set to increase current crop yield, fruit size, and quality. Thus, CSI nutrient analysis warrants further research as a potential supplemental or alternative tool for diagnosing ‘Hass’ avocado tree nutrient status and increasing yield.

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“…Similar to what has been reported for avocado (Persea americana) (Campisi-Pinto et al, 2017), it could be possible that leaf analysis is not sensitive enough to detect changes in macronutrient status of 'Nadorcott' mandarin trees, or differences in fertilization rates that may affect fruit load or result in the manifestation of alternate bearing. For example, in other evergreen fruit trees such as avocado, coffee (Coffea arabica), and olive (Olea europaea), organs such as flowers, petioles of leaves, and stems of flowers and fruit are alternative tree organs from which nutrient analyses provide valuable supplemental information to leaf nutrient analyses (Campisi-Pinto et al, 2017;Castillo-Gonzalez et al, 2000;Khelil et al, 2010;Martinez et al, 2003;Razeto and Salgado, 2004). Indeed, studies on mineral nutrients and alternate bearing in other mandarin cultivars, e.g., 'Kinnow' (Mirsoleimani et al, 2014) and 'Michal', 'Wilking', and 'Murcott' (Monselise et al, 1983), have shown that the effects of fruit load in the current season on bud responses in the following season are also closely related to the nutrient concentration in stems.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Significance of Macronutrients in Alternate Bearing ‘Nadorcott’ Mandarin Trees

Stander¹,

Barry²,

Cronjé³

2018

horts

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Additional index words. Citrus reticulata, flowering, fruit load, nutrition, vegetative shoot development Abstract. The significance of macronutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) in leaves was studied in relation with their possible roles in alternate bearing of 'Nadorcott' mandarin (Citrus reticulata) trees over a period of three seasons. Fruit load (''on,'' a heavy fruit load, vs. ''off,'' a light fruit load) affected the leaf macronutrient concentrations, and the amount of macronutrients removed through the harvest of fruit, i.e., the crop removal factor (g · kg L1 ), was consistent in both seasons. The crop removal factors were higher for each macronutrient in ''off'' trees-harvest of 1 kg fruit removed ' '2.3 g · kg L1 N, 0.3 g · kg L1 P, 3.1 g · kg L1 K, 1.0 g · kg L1 Ca, and 0.4 g · kg L1 Mg, compared with 1.3 g · kg L1 N, 0.2 g · kg L1 P, 1.7 g · kg L1 K, 0.6 g · kg L1 Ca, and 0.2 g · kg L1 Mg in ''on'' trees. Fruit load per tree (kg/tree) of 84, 110, and 52 kg/tree in ''on'' trees, however, removed ' '217 g/tree N, 28 g/tree P, 296 g/tree K, 100 g/tree Ca, and 35 g/tree Mg, which was 1.5-6 times more than that of fruit loads of 14, 71, and 16 kg/tree in ''off'' trees. In ''off'' trees, N, P, and K, and in ''on'' trees, Ca accumulated in leaves to between 20% and 30% higher concentrations in season 1, but the higher macronutrient status did not manifest in or consistently correlate with intensity of summer vegetative shoot development in the current season, or intensity of flowering in the next season, the two main determinants of fruit load in 'Nadorcott' mandarin. Apart from some anomalies, the concentrations of macronutrients in leaves were unaffected by de-fruiting and foliar spray applications of N and K to ''on'' trees, and showed no consistent relationship with treatment effects on parameters of vegetative shoot development and flowering. Leaf macronutrients in alternate bearing 'Nadorcott' mandarin trees, fertilized according to grower standard practice, are not related to differences in flowering and vegetative shoot development, and appear to be a consequence of fruit load and not a determinant thereof.

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Floral Analysis as a New Approach to Evaluate the Nutritional Status of Olive Trees

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Methods for Nutrient Diagnosis of Fruit Trees Early in the Growing Season by Using Simultaneous Multi-element Analysis

Methods for Nutrient Diagnosis of Fruit Trees Early in the Growing Season by Using Simultaneous Multi-element Analysis

Optimal Nutrient Concentration Ranges of ‘Hass’ Avocado Cauliflower Stage Inflorescences—Potential Diagnostic Tool to Optimize Tree Nutrient Status and Increase Yield

The Significance of Macronutrients in Alternate Bearing ‘Nadorcott’ Mandarin Trees

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