Floppy eyelid syndrome: A comprehensive review

Salinas, R.; Puig, Madeleine; Fry, Constance L.; Johnson, Daniel A.; Kheirkhah, Ahmad

doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2019.10.002

Cited by 43 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…There is still little literature available about the side effects of the mask at the ocular level, and none in contact lens wearers, although a higher incidence of eye irritation has been found in similar cases. For instance, continuous positive airway pressure machines can irritate the ocular surface due to air leakage or regurgitation through the nasolacrimal system [ 34 , 35 ]. Thus, the key factor is the exit of the exhaled air, with a temperature of approximately 36–37 °C, which passes through the upper edge of the mask towards the ocular surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Face Masks on the Use of Contact Lenses

Martínez-Pérez

Monteiro

Soares

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Background: The COVID-19 epidemic is largely controlled by the use of face masks. The use of a face mask has been indicated as a strong cause of dry eye, although it is not yet described in the literature. This study aims to compare the impact of the use of masks on the visual quality of patients. The symptoms in the human eye intensified during the pandemic versus the symptoms before the pandemic, in a Portuguese population. Methods: A fifteen-question questionnaire was conducted to find out what changes occurred in the use of soft contact lenses during the pandemic in relation to the use of masks. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 27.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: The use of contact lenses decreased compared with before the pandemic (p < 0.001). The number of hours of wear decreased significantly compared with before the pandemic (p < 0.001). The sensation of dry eyes was found to be worse in those using monthly replacement contact lenses (p = 0.034), and the need to remove contact lenses was more frequent in women (p = 0.026) after using a mask. Conclusions: Mask use increases dry eye symptoms in contact lens wearers, negatively impacting visual quality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Face Masks on the Use of Contact Lenses

Martínez-Pérez

Monteiro

Soares

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Irritation and contact lens dryness were found in patients using chemical protection hoods that blow air across the inside of the face mask [4]. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) masks may cause ocular surface irritation due to air leakage or regurgitation through the nasolacrimal system [5,6]. All of these studies suggest that increased air convection affects the eye; however, this process is not described in the context of face mask use.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Face Mask-Associated Ocular Irritation and Dryness

2020

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During the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, the concern for reducing disease transmission has led to a worldwide increase in face mask utilization. During this period, we have observed a corresponding increase in ocular irritation and dryness among regular mask users. This finding has not been previously described in the literature but has important implications on eye health and infection prevention, as mask use is likely to continue for the foreseeable future.

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“…While surgical correction of eyelid laxity has also been used to address DED symptoms, data in this regard are limited. 85 Other less invasive approaches, such as taping the eyelids at night or wearing a sleep mask, can minimise night-time exposure in individuals with eyelid laxity. 86…”

Section: Anatomical Disturbancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry eye: why artificial tears are not always the answer

et al. 2021

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Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease that manifests in patients with a variety of symptoms and signs such as ocular pain, visual issues, rapid tear evaporation and/or decreased tear production. It is a global health problem and is the leading cause of optometry and ophthalmology clinic visits. The mainstay therapy for DED is artificial tears (ATs), which mimics tears and improves tear stability and properties. ATs have been found to improve symptoms and signs of disease in all DED subtypes, including aqueous deficient DED and evaporative DED. However, given the heterogeneity of DED, it is not surprising that ATs are not effective in all patients. When AT fails to relieve symptoms and/or signs of DED, it is critical to identify the underlying contributors to disease and escalate therapy appropriately. This includes underlying systemic diseases, meibomian gland dysfunction, anatomical abnormalities and neuropathic dysfunction. Thus, this review will discuss the benefits and limitations of ATs and review conditions when escalation of therapy should be considered in DED.

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Floppy eyelid syndrome: A comprehensive review

Cited by 43 publications

References 113 publications

Influence of Face Masks on the Use of Contact Lenses

Influence of Face Masks on the Use of Contact Lenses

Face Mask-Associated Ocular Irritation and Dryness

Dry eye: why artificial tears are not always the answer

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