Floating Azolla Cover Influences Evapotranspiration from Flooded Water Surfaces

Kimani, Samuel Munyaka; Kanno, Takamori; Tawaraya, Keitaro; Cheng, Weiguo

doi:10.1007/s13157-020-01282-9

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Optimum growth of Azolla needs 5 mg/L (5 ppm) of phosphorus [23]. Water without phosphate showed low growth [24] and biomass [25] of Azolla. The rabbit manure compost normally contains 0.5-1% of phosphorus [26].…”

Section: Energy Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary study on Azolla cultivation and characterization for sustainable biomass source

Adzman

Goh

Johari

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Azolla is a freshwater fern that belongs to the Azollaceae family. It is easy to grow and is highly productive. It can fix atmospheric nitrogen due to the presence of Anabaena azollae. Azolla has been applied to the rice field as a classic fertilizer. It is a good source of protein and contains almost all essential amino acids and minerals. Various research has been done and is still ongoing to determine the capability of Azolla as a phytoremediator and to be used as a sustainable bioenergy source. This preliminary study investigated the ideal environment for Azolla cultivation in Malaysia (humid weather throughout the year with average daily temperature across Malaysia between 21°C and 32°C). To the best of our knowledge, there is no research conducted in Malaysia to study the optimum environment for Azolla cultivation. Therefore, determining the optimum condition for growing Azolla was done by manipulating parameters: water depth, nutrient concentration, pH, and sunlight exposure. Meanwhile, chemical compositions (moisture, crude protein, crude fat, ash, crude fibre, carbohydrate and energy) were determined using proximate analysis. Results obtained showed that Azolla growth was the best in water depth of 20 cm, the nutrient concentration of 812.5 ppm, pH of 7 and under 100% sunlight exposure. Dried Azolla had 6.38% moisture, 27.1% crude protein, 6.37% crude fat, 14.29% ash, 34.29% crude fibre, 45.86% carbohydrate and 349.17 kcal/100 g energy. Based on the result, Azolla cultivated in this experiment could be used as a sustainable biomass source to produce animal feed (high protein content) and bioenergy (high fibre content).

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Section: Energy Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary study on Azolla cultivation and characterization for sustainable biomass source

Adzman

Goh

Johari

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…Azolla acts as a cover crop (in the flooded area) and organic mulch, which reduces the water evaporation from the soil surface and conserves soil moisture (Small & Darbyshire, 2011). By reducing the soil water transpiration, soil salts' accumulation on the soil surface reduces, and by doing this, soil can be protected from being salted (Kimani, Kanno, Tawaraya, & Cheng, 2020) Figure-4: Chemical analysis of Azolla (Joysowal et al, 2018)…”

Section: Reclamation Of Salt Affected Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Azolla as Waste Decomposer and Bio-fertilizer: A Review

Tariq¹

2021

JOARPS

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In modern-day agriculture, we are well aware of the utilization of artificial fertilizers in the soil to supply major soil nutrients for plant growth and development. The most common used nutrients in agroecosystem are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sulfur (S). These fertilizers cause an increase in crop production, but the excess use of these fertilizers has several health hazards for the plants and animals feeding on them. Presently the consumer's preference has been shifted from synthetic fertilizer-based food to organic food. This paper aims to review the results of the research work done in the past few decays on the environment detoxification and beneficial effects of Azolla (aquatic fern) on plants and soil health. Hopefully, it will help the collaborative research on this “green gold” in the future.Azolla fixes the free-living atmospheric N as they have symbiotic Cyanobacterium Anabaena Azolla. Azolla adds organic matter and provides natural mulch to the soil because of these benefits is known as bio-fertilizer. Azolla remediates industrial and sewage water by accumulating heavy metals in their body and plays an active role in the reclamation of salt-affected soil by accumulating heavy metals and salts and by increasing the soil organic matter

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“…Rising sea levels (Gornitz, 2019), wildfires (Boegelsack et al, 2018), heatwaves (Mitchell et al, 2016) and other extreme weather events have begun to seriously affect human lives. It is estimated these impacts could cause over US$1 trillion in economic damage over the next 5 years (Kimani et al, 2020). Climate change is exacerbated by increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations; consequently, how to reduce the carbon footprint of products along the supply chain has become a frequent topic in various World Economic Forums (Doherty & Hoyle, 2009; Forum, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable consumption and production: Modelling product carbon footprint of beverage merchandise using a supply chain input‐process‐output approach

Wong

et al. 2021

Corp Soc Responsibility Env

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The continuous increase in beverage consumption worldwide results in enormous energy consumption and carbon emission along the life cycle of beverage products.A novel input-process-output product carbon footprint (PCF) model is developed as a generic framework for products and services with complex operations along the supply chain. A PCF of a carbonated drink product is evaluated at each of the major stages in the product's life cycle with results compared to using GHG Protocol methodology. Results from cradle-to-grave analysis indicate retail and distribution has the largest emissions impact along the product life cycle. Retail distribution routing optimisation model is developed and retail vending equipment are analysed to explore opportunities for reducing energy consumption and carbon footprint. Future sustainable development studies on the PCF of same beverage merchandises produced in various countries and mitigation measures using dynamic routing distribution could be carried out.

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Floating Azolla Cover Influences Evapotranspiration from Flooded Water Surfaces

Cited by 11 publications

References 43 publications

Preliminary study on Azolla cultivation and characterization for sustainable biomass source

Preliminary study on Azolla cultivation and characterization for sustainable biomass source

Azolla as Waste Decomposer and Bio-fertilizer: A Review

Sustainable consumption and production: Modelling product carbon footprint of beverage merchandise using a supply chain input‐process‐output approach

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