Flicker perimetry in healthy subjects: influence of age and gender, learning effect and short-term fluctuation

Bernardi, Luciana; Costa, Vital Paulino; Shiroma, Lineu Oto

doi:10.1590/s0004-27492007000100017

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Several studies showed that healthy and glaucomatous individuals can exhibit a learning effect with repeated standard automated perimetry testing (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) . This effect was also demonstrated in short wavelength automated perimetry (17)(18) , flicker perimetry (19) , and frequency doubling perimetry (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Learning effect of standard automated perimetry in healthy individuals

Castro¹,

Kawase²,

Melo³

2008

Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.

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Purpose: To evaluate the learning effect in standard automated perimetry using SITA strategy, central 24-2 program, possible associated factors and spatial distribution in individuals with no perimetry experience. Methods: A total of 55 healthy subjects were submitted to Humphrey perimetry in two different sessions in one day. Reliability and global indices, and threshold sensitivity at each point were compared between the two examinations. The influence of potential factors (age, gender, and educational level) and the spatial distribution were evaluated regarding alterations between these two examinations. Results: The duration of the test was longer in the first session (median, 5.7 min; interquartile range [IQR], 1.7 min) than in the second (median, 5.3; IQR, 1.1 min) (p=0.002). The median (IQR) of false negative errors was 2% (6%) in the first examination and 0% (6%) in the second (p=0.04). The mean (standard deviation) in the mean deviation (MD) global index was -2.31 (1.86) dB in the first examination and -1.73 (1.69) dB in the second (p=0.07). No association was observed between the change in MD and age (p=0.29), gender (p=0.69) and educational level (p=0.27). The changes in threshold sensitivity were greater at the peripheral points than at the central points (p<0.001). Conclusion: The threshold sensitivity increased in the second examination compared to the first. No factors were associated with this change. The changes in threshold sensitivity were more evident at the peripheral points. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Learning effect of standard automated perimetry in healthy individuals

Castro¹,

Kawase²,

Melo³

2008

Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.

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“…35 Several (flicker) perimetry studies show systematical variation between measurements and it is suggested that these are learning and fatigue effects. [36][37][38][39] However, for single frequency temporal contrast measurements, it is mentioned that fatigue effects are small, due to the relative simplicity and short duration (a few minutes) of the measurement. 12 In addition, the 2AFC method applied in this study shows no learning effects, i.e., there is no systematical difference between subsequent measurements, as can be seen in Fig.…”

Section: Journal Of Biomedical Opticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychophysics, reliability, and norm values for temporal contrast sensitivity implemented on the two alternative forced choice C-Quant device

et al. 2011

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“…13 The learning effect for SAP was extensively studied showing an increase in the absolute mean sensitivity with subsequent examinations. [14][15][16] This effect was also shown in short wavelength automated perimetry, 17,18 flicker perimetry, 19 and frequency doubling perimetry. [20][21][22][23] The aim of this study was to evaluate the learning effect across multiple tests in HMP using the full-threshold 24-2 strategy in healthy patients without perimetric experience.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Learning effect in visual field testing of healthy subjects using Humphrey Matrix frequency doubling technology perimetry

Pierre-Filho¹,

Gomes²,

Pierre³

et al. 2009

Eye

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Purpose To evaluate the learning effect of frequency doubling technology (FDT) perimetry using the Humphrey Matrix perimeter in healthy subjects with no perimetric experience. Methods One eye of 28 healthy adults who had no history of visual field testing underwent three Matrix tests using 24-2 programme with full-threshold strategy. The results of the first session were compared with those of the second, and the third sessions. Learning effect was defined as an improvement at results for duration, perimetric indices, and the number of points with a Po5 and o1% in the total and pattern deviation maps. Anderson's criteria were applied to define abnormal examinations. Results The mean in the mean deviation global index was À7.40 ± 1.49 dB in the first session, À4.64±0.97 dB in the second session, and À3.29±0.93 dB in the third session. Pattern standard deviations were decreased as the tests were repeated (Po0.01). Test duration, fixation losses, false negative, and the number of points with a Po5 and o1% in the total and pattern deviation maps rate were also changed significantly (Po0.05). Among the criteria suggested by Anderson, the Glaucoma Hemifield Test performed better in all session tests. The false-positive rates ranged from 50% (95% confidence intervals [CI] 30.6-69.4%) to 64% (95% CI 44.1-81.4%) for the first session, 29% (95% CI 13.2-48.7%) to 54% (95% CI 33.9-72.5%) for the second session, and from 18% (95% CI 6.1-36.9%) to 32% (95% CI 15.9-52.4%) for the third session. ConclusionsThe results of this study show that the learning effect for Humphrey Matrix FDT perimetry must be considered in normal individuals with no perimetric experience.

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Flicker perimetry in healthy subjects: influence of age and gender, learning effect and short-term fluctuation

Abstract: This study suggests that, in healthy subjects, critical fusion frequency decreases with age, that flicker perimetry is associated with a learning effect, and that a moderately high short-term fluctuation is expected.

Cited by 20 publications

References 33 publications

Learning effect of standard automated perimetry in healthy individuals

Learning effect of standard automated perimetry in healthy individuals

Psychophysics, reliability, and norm values for temporal contrast sensitivity implemented on the two alternative forced choice C-Quant device

Learning effect in visual field testing of healthy subjects using Humphrey Matrix frequency doubling technology perimetry

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