Flexural fatigue properties of polycarbonate fused-deposition modelling specimens

Forcada, Josep Maria Puigoriol; Alsina, Álex; Salazar-Martín, Antonio G.; Gómez-Gras, Giovanni; Pérez, Marco A.

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2018.06.018

Cited by 72 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In this way, the stacking of the layers will be done in three different ways and their behaviour can be studied. Normally, the stacking direction is the most determining factor in mechanical behaviour [16].…”

Section: Four-point Bending Tests 211 Specimens Manufacturementioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printing Polylactic Acid Parts Subjected to Bending Stress and Fatigue Testing

Travieso-Rodríguez

Jerez-Mesa

Llumà

et al. 2019

Preprint

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This paper aims to analyse the mechanical properties response of polylactic acid (PLA) parts manufactured through fused filament fabrication. The influence of six manufacturing factors (layer height, filament width, fill density, layer orientation, printing velocity, and infill pattern) on the flexural resistance of PLA specimens is studied through an L27 Taguchi experimental array. Different geometries have been tested on a four-point bending machine and on a rotating bending machine. From the first experimental phase, an optimal set of parameters deriving in the highest flexural resistance have been determined. Results show that layer orientation is the most influential parameter, followed by layer height, filament width, and printing velocity, whereas the fill density and infill pattern show no significant influence. Finally, the fatigue fracture behaviour is evaluated and compared with previous studies results, to present a comprehensive study of the mechanical properties of the material under different kind of solicitations.

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Section: Four-point Bending Tests 211 Specimens Manufacturementioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printing Polylactic Acid Parts Subjected to Bending Stress and Fatigue Testing

Travieso-Rodríguez

Jerez-Mesa

Llumà

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…These parts are weaker in comparison with parts fabricated using traditional techniques like injection molding at the inter-laminar region and fail prematurely at such interfaces, thus dominating the overall strength of the parts. This failure at the inter-laminar region has been studied for a wide range of testing conditions including tension [15], compression [16,17], torsion [18], and fatigue [19][20][21]. These studies reinforce the understanding that this premature failure is influenced by the inter-laminar bonding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Post-Process Effects of Isothermal Annealing and Initially Applied Static Uniaxial Loading on the Ultimate Tensile Strength of Fused Filament Fabrication Parts

et al. 2020

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Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is one of the most popular additive manufacturing (AM) techniques used to fabricate polymeric structures. However, these polymeric structures suffer from an inherent deficiency of weak inter-laminar tensile strength. Because of this weak inter-laminar strength, these parts fail prematurely and exhibit only a fraction of the mechanical properties of those fabricated using conventional means. In this paper, we study the effect of thermal annealing in the presence of an initially applied static uniaxial load on the ultimate tensile strength of parts fabricated using FFF. Tensile specimens or dogbones were fabricated from an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filament with a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 105 °C; these specimens were then isothermally annealed, post manufacture, in a fixture across a given range of temperatures and static loads. Tensile testing was then performed on these specimens to gauge the effect of the thermal annealing and static loading on inter-laminar tensile strength by measuring the ultimate tensile strength of the specimens. A design of experiments (DOE) approach was followed to calculate the main and interaction effects of the two factors (temperature and static loading) on the ultimate tensile strength, and an analysis of variance was conducted. Cross-sectional images of the specimens were studied to observe the changes in the mesostructure of the specimens that led to the increase in inter-laminar strength of the parts. The results show that temperature plays a dominant role in increasing the ultimate tensile strength and an 89% increase in the average ultimate tensile strength was seen corresponding to an annealing temperature of 160 °C. A change in the mesostructure of the parts is seen, which is characterized by an increase in bond length and void coalescence. These results can be helpful in studying the structural strength of 3D printed parts, and thus could eventually guide the fabrication of components with strength comparable to those of conventional manufacturing techniques.

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“…Slight differences were observed when contrasting elastic behaviors for different part build orientations. Although XZ showed the highest Young's modulus ( Table 5, Figure 2), this orientation was clearly penalized in the plasticity domain, since, in a uniaxial test, the load is transmitted through the interlayer material (see layer configuration in Figure 1), where the internal cohesion force was proven to be the lowest among the specimens tested with other FDM materials [21,22]. In contrast, the YZ orientation reported the highest yield and ultimate strength (Table 5, Figure 2), because more filaments, in this case, contours, were oriented in the direction in which the specimen was being pulled.…”

Section: Elastic and Viscous Effects In Fdm Pei Parts Are Dictated Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The torsion behavior of ABS parts when modifying the air gap, raster angle and width, or printing temperature was addressed by Rodríguez et al [20]. Puigoriol-Forcada et al [21] and Gomez-Gras et al [22] studied the cyclic fatigue performance of Polylactic Acid (PLA) and PC specimens when varying the part build orientation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Dependent Mechanical Properties in Polyetherimide 3D-Printed Parts Are Dictated by Isotropic Performance Being Accurately Predicted by the Generalized Time Hardening Model

et al. 2020

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The Fused-Deposition Modelling (FDM) technique has transformed the manufacturing discipline by simplifying operational processes and costs associated with conventional technologies, with polymeric materials being indispensable for the development of this technology. A lack of quantification of viscoelastic/plastic behavior has been noted when addressing FDM parts with Polyetherimide (PEI), which is currently being investigated as a potential material to produce functional end-products for the aerospace and health industry. Primary and secondary creep along with stress relaxation tests have been conducted on FDM PEI specimens by applying stresses from 10 to 40 MPa for 100 to 1000 min. Specimens were 3D printed by varying the part build orientation, namely XY, YZ, and XZ. Creep results were fitted to the Generalized Time Hardening equation (GTH), and then this model was used to predict stress relaxation behavior. FDM PEI parts presented an isotropic creep and stress relaxation performance. The GTH model was proven to have a significant capacity to fit viscoelastic/plastic performances for each single build orientation (r > 0.907, p < 0.001), as well as a tight prediction of the stress relaxation behavior (r > 0.998, p < 0.001). Averaged-orientation coefficients for GTH were also closely correlated with experimental creep data (r > 0.958, p < 0.001) and relaxation results data (r > 0.999, p < 0.001). FDM PEI parts showed an isotropic time-dependent behavior, which contrasts with previous publications arguing the significant effect of part build orientation on the mechanical properties of FDM parts. These findings are strengthened by the high correlation obtained between the experimental data and the averaged-coefficient GTH model, which has been proven to be a reliable tool to predict time-dependent performance in FDM parts.

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Flexural fatigue properties of polycarbonate fused-deposition modelling specimens

Cited by 72 publications

References 29 publications

Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printing Polylactic Acid Parts Subjected to Bending Stress and Fatigue Testing

Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printing Polylactic Acid Parts Subjected to Bending Stress and Fatigue Testing

Post-Process Effects of Isothermal Annealing and Initially Applied Static Uniaxial Loading on the Ultimate Tensile Strength of Fused Filament Fabrication Parts

Time-Dependent Mechanical Properties in Polyetherimide 3D-Printed Parts Are Dictated by Isotropic Performance Being Accurately Predicted by the Generalized Time Hardening Model

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