FlexRay - The Communication System for Advanced Automotive Control Systems

Berwanger, Josef; Ebner, Christian; Schedl, Anton; Belschner, R.; Fluhrer, Sven; Lohrmann, Peter; Fuchs, Emmerich; Millinger, Dietmar; Sprachmann, Michael; Bogenberger, Florian; Hay, Gary; Krüger, Andreas; Rausch, Mathias; Budde, Wolfgang O.; Fuhrmann, Peter; Mores, Robert

doi:10.4271/2001-01-0676

Cited by 57 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Therefore, an actual implementation of the ABD model must of necessity deal with issues such as: (i) fault tolerance and consistency of message transmission, by replicating network components and by providing appropriate middleware; and (ii) faulttolerant clock synchronization. These real-time and fault-tolerance requirements have stimulated the development of various network architectures such as, e.g., [5,14,1,12,21,9]. In general, such network architectures are classified as either time-triggered, in which all activities are triggered by clock pulses, and eventtriggered, where events in the environment or in the processors can trigger system activities [14].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formalization and Correctness of the PALS Architectural Pattern for Distributed Real-Time Systems

Meseguer

Ölveczky

2010

Formal Methods and Software Engineering

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Abstract. Many Distributed Real-Time Systems (DRTS), such as integrated modular avionics systems and distributed control systems in motor vehicles, are made up of a collection of components communicating asynchronously among themselves and with their environment that must change their state and respond to environment inputs within hard real-time bounds. Such systems are often safety-critical and need to be certified; but their certification is currently very hard due to their distributed nature. The Physically Asynchronous Logically Synchronous (PALS) architectural pattern can greatly reduce the design and verification complexities of achieving virtual synchrony in a DTRS. This work presents a formal specification of PALS as a formal model transformation that maps a synchronous design, together with a set of performance bounds of the underlying infrastructure, to a formal DRTS specification that is semantically equivalent to the synchronous design. This semantic equivalence is proved, showing that the formal verification of temporal logic properties of the DRTS can be reduced to their verification on the much simpler synchronous design. An avionics system case study is used to illustrate the usefulness of PALS for formal verification purposes.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formalization and Correctness of the PALS Architectural Pattern for Distributed Real-Time Systems

Meseguer

Ölveczky

2010

Formal Methods and Software Engineering

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“…In addition, there are other communication protocols dealing with integrated event‐triggered and TT scheduling. For example, FlexRay assumes the communication cycle to be divided into alternating static and dynamic phases. Similarly, FTTCAN (flexible time‐triggered communication on CAN) protocol considers communication cycle split into two phases, the asynchronous window and the synchronous window, which have similar semantics as the dynamic and static phases.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schedulability analysis and efficient scheduling of rate constrained messages in the TTEthernet protocol

Kermia

2017

Softw Pract Exp

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Over time, cyber-physical systems are becoming mixed criticality systems. As the complexity and the size of these systems grow, computation/communication resources should be more efficient than with traditional systems. TTEthernet is a communication infrastructure that enables the use of a single physical communication infrastructure for distributed mixed criticality applications while providing timely determinism. TTEthernet distinguishes between two traffic categories: the standard event triggered and the time triggered. The latter, for which higher priority is granted, is subject to strong timing guarantees because of strict periodicity constraint that fixes start-time cycles of time-triggered messages. In addition, event-triggered traffic includes rate-constrained messages that are of lower priority and have a minimum time interval between their transmission. The paper proposes both an on-line efficient scheduling algorithm and a necessary and sufficient schedulability condition based on the worst case response time computation for rate-constrained messages while taking into account time-triggered messages transmission.

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“…In a Time-Triggered communication system, the sender and receiver(s) agree a priori on a cyclic time-controlled conflict-free communication schedule for the sending of time-triggered messages [35]. Typical TT communication protocols include Time-Triggered protocol (TTP) [36], Time-Triggered Ethernet (TTEthernet) [34], and FlexRay [9]. Even though the TT communication is claimed to be predictable, the reality is not as predictable as what the TT communication claims.…”

Section: Time Predictability Of Network Inputmentioning

confidence: 99%

Definitions of predictability for Cyber Physical Systems

Sun

Wan

et al. 2016

Journal of Systems Architecture

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With the recent proliferation of different types of Cyber Physical Systems (CPS), it is critically important to investigate the predictability of such systems. Along with functional correctness of the components, these systems must also ensure that timing and delay constraints of components are properly for the entire system to behave in a predictable manner in presence of various kinds of uncertainties. While the functional correctness of the CPS components has been investigated in the past, very little is available about the timing issues. The objective of this paper is to conduct an investigation of key issues involved to ensure the predictability of the system, introduce rigorous definitions of performance parameters, and propose metrics for their evaluation and analyze their suitability to be used in the presence of uncertainties in which CPS operate. The results are expected to provide greater insight into the time critical behavior of CPS components.

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FlexRay - The Communication System for Advanced Automotive Control Systems

Cited by 57 publications

References 2 publications

Formalization and Correctness of the PALS Architectural Pattern for Distributed Real-Time Systems

Formalization and Correctness of the PALS Architectural Pattern for Distributed Real-Time Systems

Schedulability analysis and efficient scheduling of rate constrained messages in the TTEthernet protocol

Definitions of predictability for Cyber Physical Systems

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