“…There were two randomized studies [14,28] and 10 observational studies included [3,8,9,13,15,27,[29][30][31][32]. Of the 12 studies, there were seven prospective studies [8,9,14,[28][29][30][31] and five retrospective studies [3,13,15,27,32]. A total of 279 patients who underwent percutaneous instrumentation were compared with 340 patients who underwent conventional open instrumentation.…”