Flexible thermoelectric materials and devices

Du, Yong; Xu, Jing; Paul, Biplab; Eklund, Per

doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2018.07.004

Cited by 458 publications

(304 citation statements)

References 181 publications

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“…In the absence of organic substrates, which suffer from poor stability at temperatures higher than 473 K, free‐standing inorganic FTE thin films can be applied at high temperatures, leading to increasing interest as high‐temperature FTE generators. Current strategies to induce flexibility in the free‐standing inorganic FTE films include nanostructure tailoring and applying CNT scaffolds…”

Section: Strategies To Realize Continuously Flexible Inorganic Thin Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current studies on FTEs mainly focus on two aspects of these materials: 1) the development of high‐performance FTE materials, and 2) the fabrication of high‐output FTE devices through rational design . In terms of material development, one strategy is to utilize conductive polymers, including poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT), poly(3‐butylthiophene) (P3BT), polyaniline (PANI), polyacetylene (PA), polypyrrole (PPy), and polythiophenes (PTs), due to their intrinsic flexibility and conductivity .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several notable reviews have been prepared covering topics within the FTE area . Among them, Du et al reviewed different classes of FTE materials and devices, Bahk et al reviewed the guidelines for FTE devices in wearable energy harvesting, and some others focused on the subtopics of FTEs, such as organic FTE materials, carbon‐nanotube‐based FTEs and organic/inorganic FTE hybrids . Our purpose here is to provide a comprehensive insight into the progress on the mechanisms and strategies involved for FTEs, including materials, modules, and the underlying physics and chemistry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flexible Thermoelectric Materials and Generators: Challenges and Innovations

et al. 2019

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The urgent need for ecofriendly, stable, long‐lifetime power sources is driving the booming market for miniaturized and integrated electronics, including wearable and medical implantable devices. Flexible thermoelectric materials and devices are receiving increasing attention, due to their capability to convert heat into electricity directly by conformably attaching them onto heat sources. Polymer‐based flexible thermoelectric materials are particularly fascinating because of their intrinsic flexibility, affordability, and low toxicity. There are other promising alternatives including inorganic‐based flexible thermoelectrics that have high energy‐conversion efficiency, large power output, and stability at relatively high temperature. Herein, the state‐of‐the‐art in the development of flexible thermoelectric materials and devices is summarized, including exploring the fundamentals behind the performance of flexible thermoelectric materials and devices by relating materials chemistry and physics to properties. By taking insights from carrier and phonon transport, the limitations of high‐performance flexible thermoelectric materials and the underlying mechanisms associated with each optimization strategy are highlighted. Finally, the remaining challenges in flexible thermoelectric materials are discussed in conclusion, and suggestions and a framework to guide future development are provided, which may pave the way for a bright future for flexible thermoelectric devices in the energy market.

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Section: Strategies To Realize Continuously Flexible Inorganic Thin Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flexible Thermoelectric Materials and Generators: Challenges and Innovations

et al. 2019

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“…Flexible thermoelectric generators are receiving increasing attention due to their capability of directly converting heat into electricity through conformably attaching onto heat sources 336,337. Different from solid thermoelectric modules from which the main components are bulk materials, flexible thermoelectric generator with a high flexibility is made of thermoelectric materials with a much smaller average size to ensure the flexibility, and hydrothermal/solvothermal‐based solution routes are key answers to solve this issues through convenient morphology control by adjusting appropriate kinetic conditions during synthesis.…”

Section: Flexible Generatormentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Performance Thermoelectric SnSe: Aqueous Synthesis, Innovations, and Challenges

2020

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Tin selenide (SnSe) is one of the most promising candidates to realize environmentally friendly, cost‐effective, and high‐performance thermoelectrics, derived from its outstanding electrical transport properties by appropriate bandgaps and intrinsic low lattice thermal conductivity from its anharmonic layered structure. Advanced aqueous synthesis possesses various unique advantages including convenient morphology control, exceptional high doping solubility, and distinctive vacancy engineering. Considering that there is an urgent demand for a comprehensive survey on the aqueous synthesis technique applied to thermoelectric SnSe, herein, a thorough overview of aqueous synthesis, characterization, and thermoelectric performance in SnSe is provided. New insights into the aqueous synthesis‐based strategies for improving the performance are provided, including vacancy synergy, crystallization design, solubility breakthrough, and local lattice imperfection engineering, and an attempt to build the inherent links between the aqueous synthesis‐induced structural characteristics and the excellent thermoelectric performance is presented. Furthermore, the significant advantages and potentials of an aqueous synthesis route for fabricating SnSe‐based 2D thermoelectric generators, including nanorods, nanobelts, and nanosheets, are also discussed. Finally, the controversy, strategy, and outlook toward future enhancement of SnSe‐based thermoelectric materials are also provided. This Review guides the design of thermoelectric SnSe with high performance and provides new perspectives as a reference for other thermoelectric systems.

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“…Therefore, TE materials used in self‐powered systems should maintain their functionalities even when subjected to mechanical stresses and damage. However, commercialized TE devices and modules are based on inorganic materials, which are generally intrinsically brittle, although some inorganic thin films can maintain their high TE performance under low bending stresses . In this regard, organic materials are promising alternatives to inorganic materials because of the unique mechanical properties of the former, including their stretchability and self‐healing properties .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐Healable and Stretchable Organic Thermoelectric Materials: Electrically Percolated Polymer Nanowires Embedded in Thermoplastic Elastomer Matrix

Jeong

Jung

Suh

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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Self‐healable and stretchable energy‐harvesting materials can provide a new avenue for the realization of self‐powered wearable electronics, including electronic skins, whose main materials are required to be robust to and stable under external damage and severe mechanical stresses. However, thermoelectric (TE) materials showing both self‐healing properties and stretchability have not yet been demonstrated despite their great potential to harvest thermal energy in the human body. As most existing TE materials are either mechanically brittle or unrecoverable after being subjected to damage, a novel approach is necessary for designing such materials. Herein, self‐healable and stretchable TE materials based on all‐organic composite system wherein polymer semiconductor nanowires are p‐doped with a molecular dopant and embedded in a thermoplastic elastomer matrix are reported. The polymer nanowires are electrically percolated in the matrix, and the resulting composite materials exhibit good TE performance. The composites also exhibit both excellent self‐healing properties under mild heat and pressure conditions and good stretchability. It is believed that this work can be a cornerstone for the design of self‐healable and stretchable energy‐harvesting materials as it provides useful guidelines for imparting electrical conductivity to insulating thermoplastic elastomers, which typically possess versatile and useful mechanical properties.

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Flexible thermoelectric materials and devices

Cited by 458 publications

References 181 publications

Flexible Thermoelectric Materials and Generators: Challenges and Innovations

Flexible Thermoelectric Materials and Generators: Challenges and Innovations

High‐Performance Thermoelectric SnSe: Aqueous Synthesis, Innovations, and Challenges

Self‐Healable and Stretchable Organic Thermoelectric Materials: Electrically Percolated Polymer Nanowires Embedded in Thermoplastic Elastomer Matrix

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