Flexible terahertz metamaterials for dual-axis strain sensing

Li, Jining; Shah, Charan M.; Withayachumnankul, Withawat; Ung, Benjamin S.-Y.; Mitchell, Arnan; Sriram, Sharath; Bhaskaran, Madhu; Chang, Shengjiang; Abbott, Derek

doi:10.1364/ol.38.002104

Cited by 64 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…In Table 2, the proposed sensor is compared with other RF strain sensors in [29,30,31,32,33]. Because the proposed sensor is built on liquid metal and Ecoflex substrate, wider frequency tuning range and higher strain level are achieved compared with other sensors.…”

Section: Fabrications and Measurement Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR)-Based Radio Frequency (RF) Sensor for Strain Direction and Level Detection

Eom

Lim

2016

Sensors

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In this paper, we proposed a stretchable radio frequency (RF) sensor to detect strain direction and level. The stretchable sensor is composed of two complementary split ring resonators (CSRR) with microfluidic channels. In order to achieve stretchability, liquid metal (eutectic gallium-indium, EGaIn) and Ecoflex substrate are used. Microfluidic channels are built by Ecoflex elastomer and microfluidic channel frames. A three-dimensional (3D) printer is used for fabrication of microfluidic channel frames. Two CSRR resonators are designed to resonate 2.03 GHz and 3.68 GHz. When the proposed sensor is stretched from 0 to 8 mm along the +x direction, the resonant frequency is shifted from 3.68 GHz to 3.13 GHz. When the proposed sensor is stretched from 0 to 8 mm along the −x direction, the resonant frequency is shifted from 2.03 GHz to 1.78 GHz. Therefore, we can detect stretched length and direction from independent variation of two resonant frequencies.

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Section: Fabrications and Measurement Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR)-Based Radio Frequency (RF) Sensor for Strain Direction and Level Detection

Eom

Lim

2016

Sensors

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“…Metamaterial inspired devices are suited to sensing applications since they offer improved compactness and a high Q-factor that is very sensitive to environmental changes [15]. Various types of new or improved microwave and terahetz sensors have been introduced so far using this new concept for different sensing applications such as displacement [16]- [18], rotation [17], [19] thin-film sensing [20]- [22], and strain sensing [23], [24]. Further to that, there are a few studies on metamaterial-based microfluidic characterization.…”

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confidence: 99%

High-Sensitivity Metamaterial-Inspired Sensor for Microfluidic Dielectric Characterization

et al. 2014

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Ebrahimi, A.; Withayachumnankul, W.; Al-Sarawi, S.; Abbott, D. High-sensitivity metamaterial-inspired sensor for microfluidic dielectric characterization IEEE Sensors Journal, 2014; 14(5):1345-1351 © 2014 IEEE Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.http://hdl.handle.net/2440/84346 PERMISSIONS http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/rights_policies.html Authors and/or their employers shall have the right to post the accepted version of IEEE-copyrighted articles on their own personal servers or the servers of their institutions or employers without permission from IEEE In any electronic posting permitted by this Section 8.1.9, the following copyright notice must be displayed on the initial screen displaying IEEE-copyrighted material: "© © 20xx IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works." September 20141530-437X (c) 2013 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Abstract-A new metamaterial-inspired microwave microfluidic sensor is proposed in this paper. The main part of the device is a microstrip coupled complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR). At resonance, a strong electric field will be established along the sides of CSRR producing a very sensitive area to a change in the nearby dielectric material. A micro-channel is positioned over this area for microfluidic sensing. The liquid sample flowing inside the channel modifies the resonance frequency and peak attenuation of the CSRR resonance. The dielectric properties of the liquid sample can be estimated by establishing an empirical relation between the resonance characteristics and the sample complex permittivity. The designed microfluidic sensor requires a very small amount of sample for testing since the cross-sectional area of the sensing channel is over five orders of magnitude smaller than the square of the wavelength. The proposed microfluidic sensing concept is compatible with lab-ona-chip platforms owing to its compactness. . In these applications, the resonance frequency changes and the transmission characteristics at resonance are used for determination of the complex permit...

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“…The transmission spectrum was measured along different polarization axes, confirming the polarization‐independent behavior expected for a structure with C 4 symmetry. However, the miniaturization factor reduced to 18.63 due to the slight shift in resonant frequency, nevertheless this is the highest miniaturization factor achieved for polarization‐independent THz metamaterial resonator 45–50,64–73. It is worth mentioning that in this design the Q factor was mainly affected by the density of the unit cells.…”

Section: Experimental Verificationmentioning

confidence: 87%

Dual‐Region Resonant Meander Metamaterial

Manjunath

Liu

Raj

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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Metamaterials are engineered structures designed to interact with electromagnetic radiation, whereby the frequency range in which metamaterials respond depends on their dimensions. In this paper, it is demonstrated that a metamaterial can be functional in more than one frequency region. An advanced metamaterial is demonstrated that can interact with both terahertz (THz) and near‐infrared (NIR) frequencies, concurrently. This work exploits meander line resonators with nanoscale linewidth distributed over microscale areas, and experimentally demonstrates that such a metamaterial can simultaneously interact with NIR and THz waves. The engineered metamaterial acts as a plasmonic grating in the NIR range and simultaneously acts as an array of electric resonators in the THz range. Moreover, the performance of the engineered metamaterial is polarization‐independent in both wavelength regions. Finally, a unique feature of the proposed metamaterial is that it enables resonant frequency tuning in the THz region without affecting the NIR response. All these novel advantages of dual‐band meander metamaterial make it an ideal alternative for cutting‐edge applications such as bi‐functional sensing, imaging, filtering, modulation, and absorption.

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Flexible terahertz metamaterials for dual-axis strain sensing

Cited by 64 publications

References 13 publications

Stretchable Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR)-Based Radio Frequency (RF) Sensor for Strain Direction and Level Detection

Stretchable Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR)-Based Radio Frequency (RF) Sensor for Strain Direction and Level Detection

High-Sensitivity Metamaterial-Inspired Sensor for Microfluidic Dielectric Characterization

Dual‐Region Resonant Meander Metamaterial

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