Flexible real-time control of MagStim 2002 units for use in transcranial magnetic stimulation studies

Sinclair, Craig; Faulkner, Deb; Hammond, Geoffrey R.

doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2006.05.021

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…REPT employs the Rapid2 toolbox to automatically change the pulse intensity and deliver a pulse from a computer. Both REPT procedure and Rapid2 toolbox are freely available for download from http://www.psych.usyd.edu.au/tmslab (see also [40], [41] for other programmatic approaches to using Magstim stimulators).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accurate and Rapid Estimation of Phosphene Thresholds (REPT)

et al. 2011

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To calibrate the intensity of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) at the occipital pole, the phosphene threshold is used as a measure of cortical excitability. The phosphene threshold (PT) refers to the intensity of magnetic stimulation that induces illusory flashes of light (phosphenes) on a proportion of trials. The existing PT estimation procedures lack the accuracy and mathematical rigour of modern threshold estimation methods. We present an improved and automatic procedure for estimating the PT which is based on the well-established Ψ Bayesian adaptive staircase approach. To validate the new procedure, we compared it with another commonly used procedure for estimating the PT. We found that our procedure is more accurate, reliable, and rapid when compared with an existing PT measurement procedure. The new procedure is implemented in Matlab and works automatically with the Magstim Rapid2 stimulator using a convenient graphical user interface. The Matlab program is freely available for download.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accurate and Rapid Estimation of Phosphene Thresholds (REPT)

et al. 2011

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“…Secondly, our participants' residual impairment (NIHSS) and spasticity scores (Modified Ashworth scale) along with their Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment score (mean 5.8) indicated that our participants were more disabled. Also, although the same TMS paired-pulse protocol was used in terms of muscle assessed (first dorsal interosseous), interstimulus interval and MSO% intensities, these authors used a different TMS stimulator, potentially delivering distinct pulses intensities (i.e., voltage), especially during paired-pulses (Sinclair et al, 2006 ; Goss et al, 2012 ). Finally, although the same recumbent bike was used (NuStep), our participants did not use their hands during the exercise, and this could have impacted CSE responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bout of High Intensity Interval Training Lengthened Nerve Conduction Latency to the Non-exercised Affected Limb in Chronic Stroke

et al. 2018

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Objective: Evaluate intensity-dependent effects of a single bout of high intensity interval training (HIIT) compared to moderate intensity constant-load exercise (MICE) on corticospinal excitability (CSE) and effects on upper limb performance in chronic stroke.Design: Randomized cross-over trial.Setting: Research laboratory in a tertiary rehabilitation hospital.Participants: Convenience sample of 12 chronic stroke survivors.Outcome measures: Bilateral CSE measures of intracortical inhibition and facilitation, motor thresholds, and motor evoked potential (MEP) latency using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Upper limb functional measures of dexterity (Box and Blocks Test) and strength (pinch and grip strength).Results: Twelve (10 males; 62.50 ± 9.0 years old) chronic stroke (26.70 ± 23.0 months) survivors with moderate level of residual impairment participated. MEP latency from the ipsilesional hemisphere was lengthened after HIIT (pre: 24.27 ± 1.8 ms, and post: 25.04 ± 1.8 ms, p = 0.01) but not MICE (pre: 25.49 ± 1.10 ms, and post: 25.28 ± 1.0 ms, p = 0.44). There were no significant changes in motor thresholds, intracortical inhibition or facilitation. Pinch strength of the affected hand decreased after MICE (pre: 8.96 ± 1.9 kg vs. post: 8.40 ± 2.0 kg, p = 0.02) but not after HIIT (pre: 8.83 ± 2.0 kg vs. post: 8.65 ± 2.2 kg, p = 0.29). Regardless of type of aerobic exercise, higher total energy expenditure was associated with greater increases in pinch strength in the affected hand after exercise (R2 = 0.31, p = 0.04) and decreases in pinch strength of the less affected hand (R2 = 0.26 p = 0.02).Conclusion: A single bout of HIIT resulted in lengthened nerve conduction latency in the affected hand that was not engaged in the exercise. Longer latency could be related to the cross-over effects of fatiguing exercise or to reduced hand spasticity. Somewhat counterintuitively, pinch strength of the affected hand decreased after MICE but not HIIT. Regardless of the structure of exercise, higher energy expended was associated with pinch strength gains in the affected hand and strength losses in the less affected hand. Since aerobic exercise has acute effects on MEP latency and hand strength, it could be paired with upper limb training to potentiate beneficial effects.

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“…Single, monophasic TMS pulses (rise time: 100 μs; duration: 1ms) were applied using a double cone coil (120 mm outer wing diameter; maximum output: 1.4T), which induced a posteroanterior intracranial current. The coil was connected to a BiStim stimulator (The Magstim Company Limited; Whitland, UK) set at the standard mode (Sinclair et al, 2006). Throughout CMC testing, the time between stimuli ranged pseudo-randomly from 5-10 s to avoid stimulus anticipation and to minimize carry-over effects of the previous pulse (Awiszus, 2003).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the corticomotor connectivity of the bilateral ankle muscles during rest and isometric contraction in healthy adults

Charalambous

Dean

Adkins

et al. 2018

Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology

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The investigation of the corticomotor connectivity (CMC) to leg muscles is an emerging research area, and establishing reliability of measures is critical. This study examined the measurement reliability and the differences between bilateral soleus (SOL) and tibialis anterior (TA) CMC in 21 neurologically intact adults. Using single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), each muscle's CMC was assessed twice (7 ± 2 days apart) during rest and active conditions. CMC was quantified using a standardized battery of eight measures (4/condition): motor threshold during resting (RMT), motor evoked potential amplitude and latency (raw and normalized to height) in both conditions, contralateral silent period (CSP) during active. Using two reliability metrics (intraclass correlation coefficient and coefficient of variation of method error; good reliability: ≥0.75 and ≤15, respectively) and repeated-measures ANOVA, we investigated the reliability and Muscle X Body Side interaction. For both muscles, RMT, resting raw and normalized latencies, and active raw latency demonstrated good reliability, while CSP had good reliability only for TA. Amplitude did not demonstrate good reliability for both muscles. SOL CMC was significantly different from TA CMC for all measures but CSP; body side had no significant effect. Therefore, only certain measures may reliably quantify SOL and TA CMC while different CMC (except CSP) between SOL and TA suggests dissimilar corticospinal drive to each muscle regardless of the side.

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Flexible real-time control of MagStim 2002 units for use in transcranial magnetic stimulation studies

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Accurate and Rapid Estimation of Phosphene Thresholds (REPT)

Accurate and Rapid Estimation of Phosphene Thresholds (REPT)

A Bout of High Intensity Interval Training Lengthened Nerve Conduction Latency to the Non-exercised Affected Limb in Chronic Stroke

Characterizing the corticomotor connectivity of the bilateral ankle muscles during rest and isometric contraction in healthy adults

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