Flexible PVC flame retarded with expandable graphite

Focke, Walter Wilhelm; Muiambo, Herminio; Mhike, Washington; Kruger, Hermanus Joachim; Ofosu, Osei

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.12.024

Cited by 51 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…However, smoke evolution continued suggesting that these samples were pyrolysed. Similar behavior has been reported in literature for PVC samples containing EG . In relation to the behavior obtained for APP/M containing foams, in literature significant reductions of the maximum of the HRR curves have been obtained for aromatic PUR foams using this additive combination …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and fire behavior of isophorone diisocyanate based polyurethane foams containing conventional flame retardants

Eceiza

Barrio

Martin

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This work reports on the fire behavior of isophorone diisocyanate‐based polyurethane foams containing different conventional flame retardants (FRs) such as melamine, ammonium polyphosphate, aluminum hydroxide, expandable graphite, and their combinations. The foams were obtained in a laboratory scale and characterized in terms of their morphology, density, thermal stability, and fire behavior. According to atomic force microscopy, the incorporation of FRs decreased the phase separated domain size. The cellular structure of the foams was examined qualitatively by scanning electron microscopy while the quantitative analysis of the surrounding skin was performed by optical microscopy and Image J. The FR containing foams showed more and smaller cells. The thermogravimetric analysis showed that the FRs had no influence in the initial degradation temperature of the foams. However, the obtained residue values were higher than the theoretical ones, indicating that there was some type of interaction between the FRs and the foams. The fire behavior of polyurethane foams was studied by the cone calorimeter and the data showed that the introduction of expandable graphite and combinations of ammonium polyphosphate/melamine to the reference foam gave rise to a significant reduction in the total heat release. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45944.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and fire behavior of isophorone diisocyanate based polyurethane foams containing conventional flame retardants

Eceiza

Barrio

Martin

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…By measuring the time to ignition (TTI), mass loss rate (MLR), total heat release (THR), smoke production rate (SPR), and total smoke rate (TSR), flammability of materials can be determined. Flammability of graphite polymer composites and/or blends have as well attracted researchers . According to the studies, there are several factors which affect the flammability properties of graphite composites and/or blends.…”

Section: Flammability Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology, flammability, and properties of graphite reinforced polymer composites. Systematic review

2017

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Increasing concern for the environment and economy has stimulated interest in the research and development of graphite polymer composites. Graphite is naturally abundant and has significant influence on the thermal conductivity, flammability properties and thermal stability of filled materials. It is frequently used as filler for improvement of most polymer properties. Polymer/graphite composites have long been used in structural, aerospace and sporting goods applications. The importance of thermal conductivity in polymer composites is needed for acceptable levels of thermal conductance in circuit boards, heat exchangers, appliances and machinery. Graphite halogen‐free flame‐retardant materials can be used in the manufacturer of electric engineering materials and electronics, such as the wires and cables. In this review, we focus on graphite and its various modifications on the flammability, thermal conductivity and thermal stability of the composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E1487–E1499, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…In order to assess the fire performance of materials more comprehensively, the fire performance index (FPI) (TTI/ PHRR) and fire growth index (FGI) (PHRR/T PHRR ) are introduced [14,25]. Table 2 gives the details of FPI and FGI.…”

Section: Cone Calorimetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of expandable graphite on flame retardancy and mechanical properties of organic–inorganic hybrid material based on sodium silicate and polyisocyanate

Cheng

Zhou

2016

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Influence of expandable graphite on flame retardancy and mechanical properties of organic-inorganic hybrid material based on sodium silicate and polyisocyanate has been investigated. The results of mechanical measurement show that adding expandable graphite decreases the maximum of the compressive strength from 5.98 to 1.49 MPa. The thermal property is evaluated by thermal conductivity test, thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicate that adding the expandable graphite increases thermal conductivity of composite and lowers maximum heat release rate. The material with expandable graphite has better flame retardancy than original material with an obvious decrease in heat release rate, fire spread and thermal decomposition rate. What is more, intumescent graphite has the obvious effect to suppress flame and prevent the composite from fire. Scanning electron microscope shows that many large particles and gaps appear after compression deformation.

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Flexible PVC flame retarded with expandable graphite

Cited by 51 publications

References 22 publications

Thermal and fire behavior of isophorone diisocyanate based polyurethane foams containing conventional flame retardants

Thermal and fire behavior of isophorone diisocyanate based polyurethane foams containing conventional flame retardants

Morphology, flammability, and properties of graphite reinforced polymer composites. Systematic review

Influence of expandable graphite on flame retardancy and mechanical properties of organic–inorganic hybrid material based on sodium silicate and polyisocyanate

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