Thermal and fire behavior of isophorone diisocyanate based polyurethane foams containing conventional flame retardants

Abstract

This work reports on the fire behavior of isophorone diisocyanate‐based polyurethane foams containing different conventional flame retardants (FRs) such as melamine, ammonium polyphosphate, aluminum hydroxide, expandable graphite, and their combinations. The foams were obtained in a laboratory scale and characterized in terms of their morphology, density, thermal stability, and fire behavior. According to atomic force microscopy, the incorporation of FRs decreased the phase separated domain size. The cellular structure of the foams was examined qualitatively by scanning electron microscopy while the quantitative analysis of the surrounding skin was performed by optical microscopy and Image J. The FR containing foams showed more and smaller cells. The thermogravimetric analysis showed that the FRs had no influence in the initial degradation temperature of the foams. However, the obtained residue values were higher than the theoretical ones, indicating that there was some type of interaction between the FRs and the foams. The fire behavior of polyurethane foams was studied by the cone calorimeter and the data showed that the introduction of expandable graphite and combinations of ammonium polyphosphate/melamine to the reference foam gave rise to a significant reduction in the total heat release. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45944.

Bio‐based polyurethane films using white dextrins

“…[29][30][31] In addition, toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI)-based PUs are less thermally stable, decomposing at lower temperatures than aliphatic isocyanate-based foams. 32 According to prior research, catalysts are necessary for successful PU formation with IPDI due to the low reactivity of isocyanate groups toward hydroxyl groups. 31 In this research, however, we found that at small scales, no catalyst is necessary.…”

“…IPDI was used due to the current tendency in industry to substitute aromatic diisocyanates with aliphatic diisocyanates . In addition, toluene diisocyanate (TDI)‐ and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI)‐based PUs are less thermally stable, decomposing at lower temperatures than aliphatic isocyanate‐based foams . According to prior research, catalysts are necessary for successful PU formation with IPDI due to the low reactivity of isocyanate groups toward hydroxyl groups .…”