Flexible Power Modeling for Wireless Systems: Power Modeling and Optimization of two Bluetooth Implementations

Throughput and Energy Efficiency of Bluetooth v2 + EDR in Fading Channels

“…We also assume that the energy consumed by performing a basic operation, such as transmission, reception and channel sensing, is given by the product of the overall power absorbed by the device during that operation and the time taken to complete the task. This model has been confirmed by some experimental studies carried out for Bluetooth v1.0 [11], from which we also take the power values used in our case study. For simplicity, we assume that handling EDR packet formats has the same energetic cost of Basic rate formats.…”

“…As a case study, we apply the mathematical model by considering the energy figure provided in [11] and we derive the average throughput and energy efficiency of the different EDR packet formats in both AWGN and Rician fading radio channel, for different values of the signal to noise ratio. We wish to remark that, altough the results presented in this paper have been obtained for specific bit error rate and energy consumption profiles, the framework is applicable to any system for which it is possible to determine the average power consumed during transmission and reception processes and the bit error rate performance for the different transmission rates.…”

Power Management for Bluetooth Sensor Networks

“…The RMS value of such residuals (actually, percentile residuals) is the validation error and amounts to 3.7%, whereas the maximum residual among all experiments is around 10%. Although the numbers in Table 1 might seem very specific to the BTnode, our experience and further measurements on other Bluetooth modules confirm that the power model and some of the trends highlighted by Table 1, such as P snif f > P slave > P master > P add slv , are common to most BT implementations [14].…”

“…This reflects in a different power model, where power contributions also exist to merely keep links alive, even with no data transfer. In [13] and [14] we presented a complete power model of BT for the point-to-point case, i.e. limited to a device being master or slave of a single link.…”

“…In order to extend the model we have followed the same methodology outlined in [13] and [14]. We have run a set of roughly 100 experiments on BTnodes, tracing in each experiment the current draw of the Zeevo BT chip on the BTnode (see Section 2) for 20 seconds via a bench multimeter.…”