Flexible piezoelectric nano-composite films for kinetic energy harvesting from textiles

Antimony Oxide-Doped 0.99Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3–0.01Bi(Y1−xSbx)O3 Piezoelectric Ceramics for Energy-Harvesting Applications

“…Evidently, this could be a reason for the much lower density of these compositions. Among all the compositions, a peak density of 7.96 g/cm 3 (99.1% of the theoretical density) was obtained at x = 0.1. [20].…”

“…was characterized by thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) to locate the formation temperature. Based on the TG-DSC analysis, undoped BiYO 3 (BY) and PZT was calcined at 850 • C, whereas both Sb 2 O 3 and Sb 2 O 5 -doped BY was calcined at 800 • C for 2 h. In Figure 1a it can be seen that the major phase formed for the BYS(x) could be related only to the diffraction peak given for BiYO 3 Figure 2 shows the microstructure for the fracture surfaces of Sb2O3 and Sb2O5-doped PZT-BYS(0.1) ceramic sintered at 1170 °C in different sintering atmospheres. In addition, the piezoelectric, dielectric, ferroelectric and energy-harvesting parameters of same specimens have been listed in Table 1.…”

“…Numerous researchers are working in this area, but most of the solutions being employed have low power (nW) and high frequency [1,2]. Among the various piezoelectric materials, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) based ceramic is one of the most widely used because of its fast electro-mechanical response, relatively low power requirements, high generative force, and inherent durability [3][4][5][6][7]. Extensive research and development of PZT-based ceramics have been conducted to find such piezoelectric materials [1,[7][8][9][10].…”

“…However, by modifying the fabrication technique and choosing suitable dopants, it is possible to produce high d 33 with low ε 33 T . Previous work has reported on such a piezoelectric ceramic composition of (1 − x)Pb(Zr 0.53 Ti 0.47 )O 3 -xBiYO 3 [PZT-BY] and its fabrication process [13].…”

Wearable and autonomous computing for future smart cities: Open challenges

“…The conversion efficiency strongly depends on the material properties, harvester geometry, installation location on human body, magnitude of body vibration, and the associated circuity [21]. Piezoelectric materials can be deposited onto textiles to convert energy from the textile deforming but energy levels are low at around 100 µJ per action [22]. For thermoelectric harvesters, the challenge is to maximize the temperature difference across the device, but this is not easily achieved on the human body [23].…”