Flexible phase change materials obtained from a simple solvent-evaporation method for battery thermal management

Li, Shaojun; Dong, Xiaomei; Lin, Xiaodong; Shao, Dan; Zhang, Guoqing; Deng, Jianhui; Yang, Xiaoqing

doi:10.1016/j.est.2021.103447

Cited by 38 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Due to the lack of synchronous inertia and frequency regulation capabilities of wind turbines themselves, the integration of a large number of alternative synchronous generators will lead to a deterioration of the system's frequency response characteristics, a decrease in power disturbance resistance, and prominent frequency safety issues [4,5]. For example, on September 9, 2015, China's East China Power Grid experienced a Jinsu DC bipolar lockdown [6], in 2016, South Australia experienced a "9.28" power outage [7], and in 2019, the UK experienced an "8.9" power outage [8]. The occurrence of these frequency instability accidents is mainly attributed to the insufficient inertia support capacity of the power system caused by the large-scale grid connection of new energy units, and the power interaction of multi-area interconnected systems through interconnection lines can achieve the mutual assistance of frequency modulation resources between different regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-stage Robust Optimization Scheduling Considering Wind Uncertainty and Multi-area Frequency Dynamic Safety

Zhang,

Xin,

Wang

2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The large-scale wind power grid connection exacerbates the problem of uneven distribution of inertia between different regions, posing challenges to the frequency security defense of multi-area systems. This article proposes a two-stage robust optimization scheduling model that considers both the uncertainty of wind power output and the dynamic safety of multi-area frequencies. Firstly, according to the conditional value at risk theory, the operating cost and operating risk of the multi-region system are optimized, and the acceptable safety boundary of wind power is obtained. Secondly, multi-zone frequency dynamic safety verification is carried out in harsh wind power scenarios. Decouple the reserve capacity into non-accident reserve and accident reserve, and nest them separately in a two-stage model to achieve clear solution ideas. Finally, the two-stage optimization problem is solved through the column and constraint generation algorithm. The simulation results of numerical examples show that the model and method can effectively improve the frequency response capability of the multi-region system, so as to ensure the safe and economical operation of the system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-stage Robust Optimization Scheduling Considering Wind Uncertainty and Multi-area Frequency Dynamic Safety

Zhang,

Xin,

Wang

2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…Currently, most works are focused on designing various cooling strategies to control the temperature rise and temperature difference (Δ T ) within a safety range during the charge–discharge process, such as forced air cooling, liquid cooling, and phase change material (PCM) cooling. − Xie et al performed experimental and simulative studies to optimize the air cooling system. They found that the best cooling performance was achieved by using a uniform channel width with inlet and outlet corners of 2.5°.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Battery Thermal Management System Coupling Phase Change Material Cooling and Direct Heating Strategies

Zhang

et al. 2022

Energy Fuels

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The current battery thermal management (BTM) system integrating indirect heating and PCM cooling structures still suffers from relatively low heating efficiency and high energy consumption. In this work, we develop a BTM structure, which possesses both heating and cooling functionalities, by directly wrapping thin heating films around the cells inserted in a phase change material cooling module. Compared to the indirect heating structure, this novel direct contact structure allows direct heat transfer from the heating film to the batteries and thereby presents a more effective heating performance and lower energy consumption. For example, under the ambient temperature of 0 °C, the direct heating strategy with a heating power of 80 W delivers the shortest heating time of 78 s along with a temperature difference (ΔT) of 3.07 °C, thereby demonstrating the highest comprehensive evaluation factor of 0.645 and lowest energy consumption of 3.9%. Under the more severe ambient temperature of −20 °C, a heating time of 384 s with a ΔT of 3.77 °C can be achieved at a direct heating power of 60 W, suggesting the highest comprehensive evaluation factor of 0.503 and a lower energy consumption of 14.5%.

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“…Increasing countries have formulated and promulgated national clean energy development strategies to combat climate change. In the transportation industry, electric vehicles (EV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) have gained extensive attention and development in the last decade because they are considered good at reducing greenhouse gas emissions 1‐3 . Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have been viewed as the primary energy supply for EV and HEV 4 because of their capacity intensive, 5 high life cycle, great efficiency, 6 and strong charge retention ability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the transportation industry, electric vehicles (EV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) have gained extensive attention and development in the last decade because they are considered good at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. [1][2][3] Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been viewed as the primary energy supply for EV and HEV 4 because of their capacity intensive, 5 high life cycle, great efficiency, 6 and strong charge retention ability. However, the performance of LIB is closely related to their operating temperature, 7,8 and local overheating may lead to safety issues with battery modules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on the hybrid carbon based phase change materials for thermal management performance of lithium‐ion battery module

Cui

Ouyang

Weng

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary The widespread use of lithium‐ion battery (LIB) urgently needs a thermal management system with excellent performance to manage it. Phase change material (PCM) has been adapted for thermal management of LIB because it can absorb a mass of energy without additional power. In this research, the thermal conductivity of PCM is improved, and its cooling effect is detected. The addition of hybrid thermal conductivity filler is beneficial to its uniform dispersion and improvement of aggregation phenomenon on the surface of materials. The results show that the PCM with hybrid filler has better thermal conductivity, which is increased by 264%. In different proportions of composite materials, the composite phase change material with 1% few‐layer graphene and 2% graphite nanoplatelet can play a better cooling effect in LIB module thermal management, and it respectively decreases the maximal temperature of the battery module by 7.17°C, 10.52°C, and 16.33°C at 1C, 2C, and 3C conditions, and the maximal temperature difference does not exceed the safety range of 5°C.

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Flexible phase change materials obtained from a simple solvent-evaporation method for battery thermal management

Cited by 38 publications

References 50 publications

Two-stage Robust Optimization Scheduling Considering Wind Uncertainty and Multi-area Frequency Dynamic Safety

Two-stage Robust Optimization Scheduling Considering Wind Uncertainty and Multi-area Frequency Dynamic Safety

Integrated Battery Thermal Management System Coupling Phase Change Material Cooling and Direct Heating Strategies

Experimental study on the hybrid carbon based phase change materials for thermal management performance of lithium‐ion battery module

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