Flexible n-Type Tungsten Carbide/Polylactic Acid Thermoelectric Composites Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing

Du, Yong; Chen, Jiageng; Liu, Xin; Lu, Chun; Xu, Jing; Paul, Biplab; Eklund, Per

doi:10.3390/coatings8010025

Cited by 32 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…This could eventually be detrimental to zT . Since zT values are lower than 1 for most commercial TE materials, it is still a significant challenge to decouple and optimize these parameters in order to secure high zT , making TE materials competitive in the market.…”

Section: Principles Of Te Materials and Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Thermoelectric Materials and Generators: Challenges and Innovations

et al. 2019

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The urgent need for ecofriendly, stable, long‐lifetime power sources is driving the booming market for miniaturized and integrated electronics, including wearable and medical implantable devices. Flexible thermoelectric materials and devices are receiving increasing attention, due to their capability to convert heat into electricity directly by conformably attaching them onto heat sources. Polymer‐based flexible thermoelectric materials are particularly fascinating because of their intrinsic flexibility, affordability, and low toxicity. There are other promising alternatives including inorganic‐based flexible thermoelectrics that have high energy‐conversion efficiency, large power output, and stability at relatively high temperature. Herein, the state‐of‐the‐art in the development of flexible thermoelectric materials and devices is summarized, including exploring the fundamentals behind the performance of flexible thermoelectric materials and devices by relating materials chemistry and physics to properties. By taking insights from carrier and phonon transport, the limitations of high‐performance flexible thermoelectric materials and the underlying mechanisms associated with each optimization strategy are highlighted. Finally, the remaining challenges in flexible thermoelectric materials are discussed in conclusion, and suggestions and a framework to guide future development are provided, which may pave the way for a bright future for flexible thermoelectric devices in the energy market.

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Section: Principles Of Te Materials and Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Thermoelectric Materials and Generators: Challenges and Innovations

et al. 2019

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“…Besides, the thermoelectric properties of the material can be few influenced by the load. The Seebeck coefficients that we measured were also within the range α is > 200–1000 μV o C −1 , which is considered as a decent assortment [ [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] ]. The α for n-type materials is negative and positive for p-type materials [ 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…[ 15 ], n-type Bi 2 Te 3 ultrathin nanowires were synthesized and providing ZT of 0.96 at 380 K. An alloy of n-type Bi 2 Te 3 with Indium was fabricated to achieve high bandgap, aiding to suppress bipolar conduction and resulting in Z T of ∼1.1 at 625 K in 2018 [ 16 ]. In same year Du et al., synthesized flexible n-type tungsten composites and the obtained Seebeck coefficients vary from −11 to −12.3 μV/K at ∼300 K [ 17 ]. Crackless Bi 2 Te 3 film doped with n-type impurity fabricated by electrophoretic deposition was obtained in 2018, resulting in ‘ α’ of −189 μVK −1 at 500 K [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel and stable way for energy harvesting from Bi2Te3Se alloy based semitransparent photo-thermoelectric module

Fatima

Karimov

Qasuria

et al. 2020

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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In this research, due to the present pandemic of COVID-19, we are proposing a stable and fixed semitransparent photo-thermoelectric cell (PTEC) module for green energy harvesting. This module is based on the alloy of Bismuth Telluride Selenide (Bi 2 Te 3 Se), designed in a press tablet form and characterized under solar energy. Here, both aspects of solar energy i.e., light and heat are utilized for both energy production and water heating. The semitransparent PTEC converts heat energy directly to electrical energy due to the gradient of temperature between two electrodes (top and bottom) of thermoelectric cells. The PTEC is 25% transparent, which can be varied according to the necessity of the utilizer. The X-ray diffraction of material and electric characterization of module i.e., open-circuited voltage (V OC ) and Seebeck coefficient were performed. The experimental observations disclose that in the proposed PTEC module with an increment in the average temperature (T Avg ) from 34 to 60 °C, results in the rise of V OC ∼ 2.4 times. However, by modifying the size of heat-absorbing top electrode and by increasing the temperature gradient through the addition of water coolant under the bottom electrode, an uplift in the champion device results in as increment of V OC ∼5.5 times and Seebeck coefficient obtained was −250 μV/ 0 C, respectively. Results show that not only the selection of material but also the external modifications in the device highly effective the power efficiency of the devices. The proposed modules can generate electric power from light and utilize the penetrating sunlight inside the room and for the heating of the water which also acts as a coolant. These semitransparent thermoelectric cells can be built-in within windows and roofs of buildings and can potentially contribute to green energy harvesting, in situations where movement is restricted locally or globally.

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“…[ 5 ] It is an effective approach to improve the conducting polymers’ TE performance by preparation of inorganic/conducting polymer composites via a suitable process. [ 1,7 ] The most frequently used methods for preparation of inorganic/polymer composites are consisting of the solution mixing, [ 8 ] mechanical blending, [ 9 ] spin‐coating, [ 10 ] drop‐casting, [ 11 ] in situ polymerization, [ 12 ] gas‐phase polymerization, [ 13 ] vacuum filtration, [ 14 ] 3D printing, [ 15 ] etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free‐Standing Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube/SnSe Nanosheet/Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(4‐Styrenesulfonate) Nanocomposite Films for Flexible Thermoelectric Power Generators

Liu

Meng

et al. 2020

Adv Eng Mater

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The flexible thermoelectric (TE) cooling and energy harvesting devices made of p-and n-type TE materials have great potential for the applications in wearable and portable electronics, as they can directly realize mutual conversion between thermal energy and electrical energy without mechanical moving parts or toxic liquids; [1-4] Recently, flexible TE materials have evoked researchers' great interest, and many efforts have been made to improve their TE properties, which is estimated by the figure-of-merit value, ZT ¼ S 2 σT/κ (κ, T, σ, and S are the thermal conductivity, absolute temperature, electrical conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient, respectively). [2,4] Conducting polymers have good flexibility and process ability, which are suitable for preparation of flexible TE materials; [5,6] however, the TE properties of conducting polymers are still much lower when compared with traditional inorganic TE materials. [5] It is an effective approach to improve the conducting polymers' TE performance by preparation of inorganic/conducting polymer composites via a suitable process. [1,7] The most frequently used methods for preparation of inorganic/polymer composites are consisting of the solution mixing, [8] mechanical blending, [9] spin-coating, [10] drop-casting, [11] in situ polymerization, [12] gas-phase polymerization, [13] vacuum filtration, [14] 3D printing, [15] etc. As one of the most promising conducting polymers, poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), has many advantages, e.g., water solubility, commercial availability, mechanical flexibility, and low intrinsic thermal conductivity. [14,16,17] PEDOT:PSS has, therefore, been commonly used as matrixes for preparation of inorganic/conducting polymer composites. [5] The morphologies of inorganic fillers, such as nanoparticles (NPs), nanosheets (NSs), nanowires (NWs), have significantly affected their dispersibility in conducting polymer matrix and TE properties of the as-prepared composites. [14,18,19] BiTe based alloy NSs, Sn-Se based alloy NSs, and MoS 2 NSs, etc., after exfoliation for their corresponding particles, can be dispersed in a suitable solvent, e.g., ethanol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, or N, N-dimethylformamide.

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Flexible n-Type Tungsten Carbide/Polylactic Acid Thermoelectric Composites Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing

Cited by 32 publications

References 35 publications

Flexible Thermoelectric Materials and Generators: Challenges and Innovations

Flexible Thermoelectric Materials and Generators: Challenges and Innovations

A novel and stable way for energy harvesting from Bi2Te3Se alloy based semitransparent photo-thermoelectric module

Free‐Standing Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube/SnSe Nanosheet/Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(4‐Styrenesulfonate) Nanocomposite Films for Flexible Thermoelectric Power Generators

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