Flexible Frequency-Hopping Microwave Generation by Dynamic Control of Optically Injected Semiconductor Laser

Microwave Photonic Radars

“…Benefiting from the high frequency and large bandwidth of optical devices, microwave photonic technologies open the possibility of radar signal generation with high frequency, broad bandwidth and large time-bandwidth product (TBWP). In general, photonics-based microwave waveform generation methods can be divided into five categories: spectral shaping and frequency-to-time mapping [206]- [212], externally optical injection of a semiconductor laser [213]- [216], photonic microwave frequency multiplication [160], [217], [218], optical frequency-time stitching [219], and photonic digital-to-analog conversion (DAC) [220], [222]. The comparison of the key performances of the main methods for radar waveform generation are illustrated in Table II.…”

Ultrafast and Wideband Microwave Photonic Frequency-Hopping Systems: A Review

“…2020, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW 3 of 17 speed, flexibility in the hopping frequency, and hopping-frequency bandwidth of various microwave photonic frequency-hopping signal-generation schemes. [24] SBS filter 100 ps Yes switch SBS tuning [25] EO-based comb filter 100 ps Yes switch EO Pockels effect [26] Notch filter 190 ps No switch EO Pockels effect [27] Lyot filter 200 ps Yes switch Nonlinear polarization rotation [28] DD-MZM bias control 1 ns No switch EO Pockels effect [29] Optical injection 10 ns Yes synthesizer Nonlinear dynamics [30] Delay line-based comb filter 40 ns Yes switch Optical delay line [31] PM-PSFBG OEO 100 ns Yes synthesizer Polarization tuning [32] Microring resonator 500 us Yes synthesizer Thermal tuning [33] RF-MEMS 300 us Yes switch MEMS capacitor [34] Integrated spectrum shaper 7 ms Yes switch Thermal tuning…”

“…To generate frequency-hopping signal using OEO, the center frequency of the microwave bandpass filter must be changed rapidly according to the applied hopping code sequence. Unfortunately, microwave bandpass filters have narrow frequency tuning range and slow tuning speed due to the inherent limitation in tuning mechanism, making it not suitable for high-speed and large dynamic range [29] Optical injection 10 ns Yes synthesizer Nonlinear dynamics [30] Delay line-based comb filter 40 ns Yes switch Optical delay line [31] PM-PSFBG OEO 100 ns Yes synthesizer Polarization tuning [32] Microring resonator 500 us Yes synthesizer Thermal tuning [33] RF-MEMS 300 us Yes switch MEMS capacitor [34] Integrated spectrum shaper 7 ms Yes switch Thermal tuning…”

“…The schematic diagram of period-one dynamics-based frequency-hopping system [29] is shown in Figure 5a. A master laser that is emitting continuous wave at f m is attenuated and then intensity modulated by a hopping code sequence S(t).…”

A Review of Photonic Generation of Arbitrary Microwave Waveforms

“…The demonstrations of these approaches include phase modulation [49], dual polarisation modulation [48], single drive modulation [50] and dual drive parallel modulation [51], four wave mixing effect in SOA [52], and electrooptic-oscillator [53]. Furthermore, agile frequency hopping waveforms have also been demonstrated by master and slave continuous wave (CW) laser configuration in which the lasing wavelength of the slave laser is controlled by the injecting power of the master laser through the wavelength red shift due to antiguidance effect [54]. It is evident in the above that the interest in this field remains significantly high and it is no doubt that these developments will open new capabilities for high speed and broadband applications.…”