Flexible, disposable photocatalytic plastic films for the destruction of viruses

Han, Ri; Coey, Jonathon D.; O’Rourke, Christopher; Bamford, Connor; Mills, Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112551

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In order to obtain the active material in this work, the LDPE film containing TiO 2 had to be activated by prior exposure to ultraviolet radiation for 144 h. As a result of pre-conditioning, titanium dioxide particles present on the surface or at a short distance from it photocatalytically oxidize the thin polyethylene layer covering them, resulting in the creation of a photocatalytically active surface. It was then found that for each tested virus, the concentration of the active substance dropped to a very low level after 2 h of exposure [ 48 ]. However, in the work by Osorio-Vargas et al, polyethylene composites exhibiting photocatalytic properties in visible light were produced.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of TiO2–Lignin Hybrid Fillers in Low-Density Polyethylene Composites on Photocatalytic Performance and UV-Barrier Properties

Jędrzejczak,

Cegłowski,

Bula

et al. 2024

Polymers

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The main objective of this study was to discover new packaging materials that could integrate one of the most expected properties, such as UV protection, with a self-cleaning ability defined as photocatalytic performance. Accordingly, new hybrid additives were used to transform LDPE films into materials with complex performance properties. In this study, titanium dioxide–lignin (TL) hybrid systems with a weight ratio of inorganic to organic precursors of 5-1, 1-1, and 1-5 were prepared using a mechanical method. The obtained materials and pristine components were characterized using measurement techniques and research methods, such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal stability analysis (TGA/DTG), measurement of the electrokinetic potential as a function of pH, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and particle size distribution measurement. It was found that hydrogen bonds were formed between the organic and inorganic components, based on which the obtained systems were classified as class I hybrid materials. In the next step, inorganic–organic hybrid systems and pristine components were used as fillers for a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) composite, 5 and 10% by weight, in order to determine their impact on parameters such as tensile elongation at break. Polymer composites containing titanium dioxide in their matrix were then subjected to a test of photocatalytic properties, based on which it was found that all materials with TiO2 in their structure exhibit photocatalytic properties, whereby the best results were obtained for samples containing the TiO2–lignin hybrid system (1-1). The mechanical tests showed that the thin sheet films had a strong anisotropy due to chill-roll extrusion, ranging from 1.98 to 3.32. UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed four times higher light absorption for composites in which lignin was present than for pure LDPE, in the 250–450 nm range. On the other hand, the temperature at 5% and 30% weight loss revealed by TGA testing increased the highest performance for LDPE/TiO2 materials (by 20.4 °C and 8.7 °C, respectively).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of TiO2–Lignin Hybrid Fillers in Low-Density Polyethylene Composites on Photocatalytic Performance and UV-Barrier Properties

Jędrzejczak,

Cegłowski,

Bula

et al. 2024

Polymers

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“…TiO2 has photocatalytic properties that following light illumination generates highly oxidizing free radicals (reactive oxygen species) that are reported to have antibacterial and antiviral activity (27). Our experimental procedure did not include a deliberate illumination step; however, it has been reported that when illumination of TiO2 or TiO2-composite surface coatings is undertaken, significant levels of SARS-CoV-2 inactivation occur (28)(29)(30)(31)(32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of ion dissolution in metal and metal oxide surface inactivation of SARS-CoV-2

Hilton,

Nanao,

Flokstra

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Antiviral surface coatings are under development to prevent viral fomite transmission from high-traffic touch surfaces in public spaces. Copper’s antiviral properties have been widely documented; but the antiviral mechanism of copper surfaces is not fully understood. We screened a series of metal and metal oxide surfaces for antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Copper and copper oxide surfaces exhibited superior anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity; however, level of antiviral activity was dependent upon the composition of the carrier solution used to deliver virus inoculum. We demonstrate that copper ions released into solution from test surfaces can mediate virus inactivation, indicating a copper ion dissolution-dependent antiviral mechanism. Level of antiviral activity is, however, not dependent on the amount of copper ions released into solutionper se. Instead, our findings suggest that degree of virus inactivation is dependent upon copper ion complexation with other biomolecules (e.g., proteins/metabolites) in the virus carrier solution that compete with viral components. Although using tissue culture-derived virus inoculum is experimentally convenient to evaluate the antiviral activity of copper-derived test surfaces, we propose that the high organic content of tissue culture medium reduces the availability of “uncomplexed” copper ions to interact with the virus, negatively affecting virus inactivation and hence surface antiviral performance. We propose that laboratory antiviral surface testing should include virus delivered in a physiologically relevant carrier solution (saliva or nasal secretions when testing respiratory viruses) to accurately predict real-life surface antiviral performance when deployed in public spaces.ImportanceThe purpose of evaluating antiviral activity of test surfaces in the laboratory is to identify surfaces that will perform efficiently in preventing fomite transmission when deployed on high-traffic touch surfaces in public spaces. The conventional method in laboratory testing is to use tissue culture-derived virus inoculum, however this study demonstrates that antiviral performance of test copper-containing surfaces is dependent on the composition of the carrier solution in which the virus inoculum is delivered to test surfaces. Therefore, we recommend that laboratory surface testing should include virus delivered in a physiologically relevant carrier solution, to accurately predict real-life test surface performance in public spaces. Understanding the mechanism of virus inactivation is key to future rational design of improved antiviral surfaces. Here, we demonstrate that copper ions released from copper surfaces into small liquid droplets containing SARS-CoV-2, is a mechanism by which the virus that causes COVID-19 can be inactivated.

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“…These ROS could damage the lipid membrane of the virus and degrade the capsid proteins or the envelope of the virus. Consequently, nucleic acid leakage occurs following virus destruction due to the decomposition of its genetic material [42,43].…”

Section: Tio2 Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of the Antiviral Properties of Thermally Sprayed Coatings against Human Coronavirus HCoV-229E

et al. 2023

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For decades, novel viral strains of respiratory tract infections have caused human pandemics and initiated widespread illnesses. The recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has raised an urgent need to develop novel antiviral coatings as one of the potential solutions to mitigate the transmission of viral pathogens. Titanium dioxide is considered an excellent candidate for viral disinfection under light irradiation, with the potential to be activated under visible light for indoor applications. This research assessed the antiviral performance of thermally sprayed TiO2 coatings under UVA and ambient light. We also report the antiviral performance of TiO2 composites with other oxides, such as Cu2O and Al2O3, produced by suspension plasma spray, atmospheric plasma spray, and suspension high-velocity oxygen fuel techniques. To evaluate the antiviral performance of the above coatings in a containment level-2 laboratory, a human common cold coronavirus, HCoV-229E, was initially used as a relevant surrogate for SARS-CoV-2. Coatings were also analyzed using SEM and XRD and were classified based on their surface roughness, porosity, and phase composition. Collectively, the thermally sprayed coatings showed comparable or slightly better antiviral activity compared to copper. The most significant level of activity observed was approximately 20% to 50% higher than that of a pure copper plate.

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Flexible, disposable photocatalytic plastic films for the destruction of viruses

Cited by 13 publications

References 53 publications

The Influence of TiO2–Lignin Hybrid Fillers in Low-Density Polyethylene Composites on Photocatalytic Performance and UV-Barrier Properties

The Influence of TiO2–Lignin Hybrid Fillers in Low-Density Polyethylene Composites on Photocatalytic Performance and UV-Barrier Properties

The role of ion dissolution in metal and metal oxide surface inactivation of SARS-CoV-2

A Comparative Study of the Antiviral Properties of Thermally Sprayed Coatings against Human Coronavirus HCoV-229E

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