Flexible composites with Ce-doped BaTiO3/P(VDF-TrFE) nanofibers for piezoelectric device

High energy harvesting performance in flexible piezocomposites by synergistic design of the piezoelectric phase and conductive phase

“…Up to now, various 0-3 type PCs with different piezoelectric ceramic fillers, such as Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 (PZT), BaTiO 3 (BT), Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -PbTiO 3 (PMN-PT), and BiFeO 3 (BF), have been widely reported. [28][29][30][31][32] Although the preparation process of 0-3 type PCs is simple and the original flexibility is ensured, the random distribution of piezoelectric particles in the polymer matrix leads to limited piezoelectric performance. For example, the majority of the stress applied onto the PCs is dissipated within the polymer matrix due to a much lower Young's modulus of the polymer in comparison to the ceramic fillers, so very little mechanical force can be experienced by the piezoelectric particles.…”

“…Up to now, various 0–3 type PCs with different piezoelectric ceramic fillers, such as Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 (PZT), BaTiO 3 (BT), Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 –PbTiO 3 (PMN–PT), and BiFeO 3 (BF), have been widely reported. 28–32…”

Recent Advances on Conducting Polymers Based Nanogenerators for Energy Harvesting

“…It is true that the manufacture of this device involves the use of nanomaterials such as nanowires, microparticles, and nanoflakes [36]. Similar to the dielectric energy storage devices [37][38][39][40][41], the synthetic crystal/ceramic components, such as barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) [42], lead zirconate titanate (PZT) [43], Zinc sulphide (ZnS) [44], and ZnO [45,46] were proposed in many studies in the literature to improve the energy conversion efficiency and output performance [47]. The high surface-to-volume ratio, which is particularly prevalent in nanomaterial composites, has the tendency to produce specialized nanogenerator characteristics.…”

Wearable Piezoelectric Nanogenerators Based on Core–Shell Ga-PZT@GaOx Nanorod-Enabled P(VDF-TrFE) Composites

“…Many endeavors have also been developed to enhance the piezoelectric β-polymorph content such as adding external stresses, applying a high electric field, or hybridizing with piezoelectric ceramics. − Among these methods, the incorporation of piezoelectric ceramics into P­(VDF-TrFE) as a nucleating filler evidenced an increased β-phase amount, a high piezoelectric coefficient ( d 33 ), and the corresponding improved piezoelectric output performance. , In addition, the piezoelectric performance of such piezoceramic–piezopolymer composites can be boosted further by regulating the dielectric property of the piezoelectric fillers. , For example, obvious improvements in the piezoelectric performance have been achieved by introducing filling species with good electrical conductivity and specific nanostructures, − including metal nanoparticle/nanowire (Ag nanoparticles and Cu nanowires) , and carbon-based conductive materials (carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene). ,, However, the performance optimization that originated from the synergetic effect among the piezopolymer, piezoceramic, and conductive additives still needs to be improved. The inhomogeneous distribution of conductive additives on the surface of the piezoceramic fillers, or in the interface between the piezoceramic and the polymer matrix, hinders the effective regulation of the dielectric property as well as the piezoelectric performance of the composites. , The possible mechanical mismatching at the interface of the rigid ceramic/metal and the soft polymer is also an inevitable obstacle toward high-efficiency, durable PENGs that can afford repeatable deforming and electric output operation. , Such structural and performance instability may be magnified in the case of using a piezoceramic with a nonspherical shape such as a nanorod. − Therefore, exploration of novel strategies or materials systems to optimize the piezoelectric output performance and mechanical properties of the piezoceramic–piezopolymer-based piezo-composites are highly demanded for fabricating wearable, durable PENGs with high performance.…”