Flexible and freestanding electrodes based on polypyrrole/carbon nanotube/cellulose composites for supercapacitor application

Three-dimensional pore structure of activated carbon monolithic derived from hierarchically bamboo stem for supercapacitor application

“…This mechanism is affected by the electrode architecture and porous texture, hence the materials selected for use are of high importance [4]. There is rising interest in the use of carbon-based materials, including carbon aerogel [5], foam [6], fiber [7], nanotube [8], and graphite [9]. Particularly, activated carbon is suggested as an attractive resource, due to the sustainability, easy production and cost effectiveness [10].…”

Carbon Nanomaterials Embedded in Conductive Polymers: A State of the Art

“…As the name implies, they are a thin sheet of material composed of fibrous-like mats with thicknesses in the range of microns to mm and shapes similar to the common cellulose paper. In fact, cellulose has been used as the substrate to fabricate PPy/CNT/cellulose composite films: first, a simple freeze-and-thaw approach was used to incorporate functionalized CNTs into the cellulose, resulting in a homogeneous porous composite with strong hydrogen bonding between the two species; later, PPy was uniformly coated via in situ chemical polymerization [ 239 ]. As a result, the modified paper showed high electrical conductivity, good wettability, a porous architecture, and large interfacial areas for the storage/release of charge carriers and for the facile diffusion of electrolyte.…”

“…With this topic being vast, particular emphasis has been given to PPy and PANi based CNT composites for their use as supercapacitors, due to their good conductivity, high capacitance and low cost [ 317 ]. A diverse variety and amount of all-solid state flexible films and papers have been reported, showing a unique microstructure, high electrical conductivity, good wettability, a porous architecture and, overall, higher area capacitance, good rate capability and outstanding cycling stability thanks to the porosity and higher specific area provided by the presence of CNTs [ 239 , 318 , 319 ]. As well, integrating the device with highly bendable and stretchable polymers, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), yields novel deformable soft supercapacitors with excellent electrochemical performance and flexibility that heralds a new territory of hydrogel-based supercapacitors for portable and wearable devices [ 9 , 320 ].…”

Micellization of a starch–poly(1,4-butylene succinate) nano-hybrid for enhanced energy storage

“…The loadings were achieved through doctor blading, using a specially designed smooth and thin glass. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) measurements were performed with potentials ranging from 0 to 0.7 V. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), was conducted over a frequency range of 100 kHz to 0.1 Hz with perturbation amplitude of 0.01 V. [37][38][39][40] In the two-cell conguration, which involves the working electrode and counter electrode set-up, a glassy bre separator was soaked in 1 M Na 2 SO 4 electrolyte, sandwiched in between two symmetrical working electrodes. The two-cell working electrodes were prepared using the same method employed for the three-cell working electrodes.…”