Flesh quality of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂) fed with hydrolyzed porcine mucosa-supplemented low fishmeal diet

Abstract

Iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets containing 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% hydrolyzed porcine mucosa (namely, HPM0, HPM3, HPM6, HPM9, and HPM12) were prepared to evaluate their effects on the growth performance, muscle nutrition composition, texture property, and gene expression related to muscle growth of hybrid groupers ( Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂). Groupers were fed to apparent satiation at 08:00 and 16:00 every day for a total of 56 days. It was found that the weight gain percentage in the HPM0, HPM3, and HPM6 groups did not differ ( P > 0.05). The cooking loss and drip loss of the dorsal muscle in the HPM3 group were lower than those in the HPM6 and HPM9 groups ( P < 0.05). The hardness and chewiness of the dorsal muscle in the HPM3 group were higher than those in the HPM0, HPM9, and HPM12 groups ( P < 0.05). The gumminess in the HPM3 group was higher than that in the HPM9 and HPM12 groups ( P < 0.05). The total essential amino acid content of the dorsal muscle in the HPM12 group was higher than that in the HPM0 group ( P < 0.05). The contents of total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and total n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid, as well as the ratio of n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the dorsal muscle was higher in the HPM0 group than in all other groups ( P < 0.05). The relative expressions of gene myogenic factor 5, myocyte enhancer factor 2c, myocyte enhancer factor 2a, myosin heavy chain, transforming growth factor-beta 1 ( TGF - β1 ), and follistatin ( FST ) were the highest in the dorsal muscle of the HPM3 group. The results indicated that the growth performance of hybrid grouper fed a diet with 6% HPM and 27% fish meal was as good as that of the HPM0 group. When fish ingested a diet containing 3% HPM, the expression of genes TGF-β1 and FST involved in muscle growth were upregulated, and then the muscle quality related to hardness and chewiness were improved. An appropriate amount of HPM could be better used in grouper feed.

Amelioration of Flesh Quality in Hybrid Grouper (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ E. lanceolatu) Fed With Oxidized Fish Oil Diet by Supplying Lactobacillus pentosus

“…The leucine, lysine, and arginine were the main IAA in the muscles of grouper, and the glutamic acid and aspartic acid were the main dispensable amino acids in this study. This was consistent with existing research findings (Yang et al, 2022). IAA/TAA represents an essential indicator for the nutritional value of aquatic proteins, and the IAA/TAA for high-quality proteins is generally thought to be about 0.4 (Yuan et al, 2020).…”

Degradation of Muscle Quality in Hybrid Grouper (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ Epinephelus lanceolatu) Due to Oxidative Damage Caused by Ingestion of Oxidized Fish Oil

“…The main indispensable amino acids in grouper muscle are lysine, leucine and arginine, and the main non-essential amino acids are aspartic acid and glutamic acid, in a recent report published from our team, these amino acid levels were similar to the results of the present study (17). Indispensable amino acid/total amino acid (IAA/TAA) ratio is an important reference indicator for evaluating the nutritional value of aquatic protein, and it is generally considered that the ideal IAA/TAA ratio for high quality protein is about 0.4 (18), the ratio of IAA/TAA in grouper muscle in the present study was ∼0.5, indicating that grouper muscle is a high-quality protein source.…”

Hidrolisado Proteico de Mucosa Suína como estimulante alimentar para juvenis de tilápia do Nilo

“…In addition, a more palatable feed will be ingested more quickly, and will allow for lower proportions of costly components, such as proteins (Al-Souti et al, 2019). Yang et al (2021) and Yang et al (2022), when characterizing PMH, observed that more than 88% of molecular peptides have a size smaller than 5000 Da, and of these, most (40.02%) have sizes smaller than 180 Da, among which is a large amount of amino acids, including alanine and glycine, that evoke food-seeking behavior for Acipenser persicus, according to Shamushaki et al (2011), as well as alanine and serine, that act as food stimulants for tilapia (Al-Souti et al, 2019) and are also present in the composition of PMH (Table 2). This may explain the preference of tilapia for the feed with the inclusion of PMH.…”

“…Porcine mucosa hydrolyzate (PMH) is an enzymatic hydrolyzate, being a by-product generated from the production process of heparin sodium, an anticoagulant drug (Mateos et al, 2014). This hydrolyzate has a profile of essential and non-essential amino acids, in addition to more than 80% of low molecular weight peptides (Yang et al, 2022).…”