Flea species from dogs in three cities of Chile

Alcaíno, H; Gorman, Thomas M.; Alcaı́no, Ricardo

doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(01)00626-4

Cited by 42 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In agreement with the present report, C. felis has usually been the most common ectoparasite of dogs reported in Latin America, although C. canis has been described in some areas as the predominant species in rural environments (ALCAÍNO et al, 2002;GONZÁLEZ et al, 2004). This is the first report from Costa Rica concerning the frequency of P. simulans.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…As has been hypothesized in previous reports, it is highly possible that most of these findings correspond to P. simulans, which may not have been correctly identified or considered to be a separate species at the time (ECKERLIN, 2005;ESCOBAR et al, 2011). In spite of the growing information regarding P. simulans from other areas of North and South America (DITTMAR et al, 2003;DURDEN et al, 2005), there are documents that inform that P. irritans is a common species on dogs in Colombia and Chile (ALCAÍNO et al, 2002;CAÑÓN-FRANCO;PÉREZ-BEDOYA, 2010). This new evidence from Costa Rica emphasizes the importance of accurate identification and differentiation of these two species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ectoparasites of dogs in home environments on the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica

Troyo

Calderón-Arguedas

Alvarado

et al. 2012

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Reports on ectoparasites on dogs in Central America are scarce. The aim of this study was to identify flea, louse and tick species infesting dogs in home environments on the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica, and determine their frequency and coexistence. Ectoparasites were collected from dogs in 83 rural homes at five study sites. Specimens were identified and separated according to species. Fleas were the most common ectoparasite (G = 22,217, DF = 8, p = 0.004). Ctenocephalides felis and Pulex simulans were found in 83% and 55% of the homes with ectoparasites, respectively. Trichodectes canis (13%), Heterodoxus spiniger (10%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (18%), Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (5%) and Amblyomma ovale (8%) were also present. More than one species was collected in most cases (66%), and the most common combination was C. felis and P. simulans (59% of homes with fleas). The high frequency of P. simulans emphasizes the need for adequate identification. This was the first study involving different ectoparasites of dogs in Costa Rica, as well as the first report of T. canis in this country. The relative frequency and coexistence of these ectoparasites in the home environment may have implications for animal and human health.Keywords: Domestic dogs, Pulex simulans, Ixodida, Siphonaptera, Phthiraptera, Costa Rica. ResumoRelatos de ectoparasitos em cães da América Central são escassos. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar espécies de pulgas, piolhos e carrapatos que infestam os cães no ambiente doméstico da vertente Caribe da Costa Rica, determinando sua frequência e coexistência. Foram coletados ectoparasitos de cães em 83 casas rurais de cinco sítios do estudo. Os indivíduos foram separados e identificados. Os ectoparasitos mais comuns foram as pulgas (G = 22.217, DF = 8, p = 0.004). Ctenocephalides felis e Pulex simulans foram observados em 83% e 55% das moradias com ectoparasitos, respectivamente. Da mesma forma também foram observados Trichodectes canis (13%), Heterodoxus spiniger (10%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (18%), Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (5%) e Amblyomma ovale (8%). Na maioria dos casos, mais de uma espécie foi achada (66%), sendo que a combinação mais comum foi C. felis e P. simulans (59% de moradias com pulgas). A frequência alta de P. simulans ressalta a necessidade de sua adequada identificação. Este é o primeiro estudo que envolve diferentes ectoparasitas de cães na Costa Rica, da mesma forma, é o primeiro relato de T. canis no país. A frequência relativa e coexistência destes ectoparasitos no ambiente domiciliar poderiam ter implicações na saúde animal e humana.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectoparasites of dogs in home environments on the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica

Troyo

Calderón-Arguedas

Alvarado

et al. 2012

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…This study confirms that dogs in Chile are parasitised with the four species of fleas previously described in the country (Alcaíno et al 2002). The results of this study are consistent with those reported worldwide (Alcaíno et al 2002, Durden et al 2005, Gracia et al 2008, Farkas et al 2009, where the predominant species infecting dogs are C. felis and C. canis. The predominance of C. canis or C. felis varies in the literature, with C. canis for instance most common in many towns of the Buenos Aires province in Argentina and in Osorno in Chile (Alcaíno et al 2002), while C. felis has prevailed in two cities in Chile, Santiago and Concepción (Alcaíno et al 2002).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Flea and ticks species from dogs in urban and rural areas in four districts in Chile

Abarca

Gárate

López³

et al. 2016

Arch. med. vet.

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Flea and ticks species from dogs in urban and rural areas in four districts in ChilePulgas y garrapatas en perros urbanos y rurales en cuatro regiones en Chile ABSTRACT. Fleas and ticks frequently parasitise canines worldwide and their prevalence in dogs is influenced by many factors including climate and geography, among others. Different studies worldwide have shown no clear pattern of an urban or rural preference by different species of fleas and ticks infesting dogs. The aim of this study is to identify species of fleas and ticks present in urban and rural dogs from different ecoregions of Chile. A cross-sectional study was conducted in four urban-rural paired sites at four districts: Arica y Parinacota, Coquimbo, Metropolitana and Araucanía. A random and a convenience sampling of households in the urban and rural areas was carried out, collecting fleas and ticks from 112-114 dogs per locality. The frequency of fleas and ticks infestation between urban and rural areas was compared through Chi-square or Fisher's tests. A total of 921 dogs were examined, identifying four species of fleas (Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides felis, Pulex irritans and Echidnophaga gallinacea) and three species of ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Amblyomma tigrinum and Amblyomma triste). In general, a higher prevalence of dogs with fleas were observed in rural areas, being C. canis the most frequent species globally; there were significant variations in the distribution of different species according to district. R. sanguineus was the predominant tick in all the studied areas. Amblyomma species were found exclusively in rural areas; A. triste only in Arica y Parinacota and A. tigrinum in rural areas of Coquimbo and Araucanía districts.Key words: ticks, fleas, dogs, urban and rural areas. RESUMEN.Pulgas y garrapatas parasitan frecuentemente a caninos y su prevalencia se asocia a diversos factores incluyendo clima y geografía, entre otros. Diversos estudios han mostrado que no existe una clara preferencia entre sitios urbanos o rurales para las especies de pulgas y garrapatas que infectan perros. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar especies de pulgas y garrapatas presentes en perros de zonas urbanas y rurales de diferentes ecorregiones de Chile. Se realizó un muestreo transversal en áreas urbanorural de cuatro regiones de Chile: Arica y Parinacota, Coquimbo, Metropolitana y La Araucanía. En ciudades se realizó un muestreo estratificado y en zonas rurales un muestreo por conveniencia para muestrear pulgas y garrapatas de 112-114 perros por localidad. Se comparó la prevalencia de infestación entre urbano y rural por región mediante pruebas de Chi-cuadrado o Fisher. En total 921 perros fueron examinados, identificándose cuatro especies de pulgas (Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides felis, Pulex irritans y Echidnophaga gallinacea) y tres especies de garrapatas (Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Amblyomma tigrinum y Amblyomma triste). En general, se detectó un mayor número de perros con pulgas en zonas rurales, siendo C. canis la ...

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“…The female-biased sex ratio in the flea species parasitizing dogs and cats observed in this study is a common feature which has been observed in numerous other surveys (e.g., Piotrowski and Połomska 1975;Müller 1986;Hinaidy 1991;Bourdeau and Blumstein 1995;Chesney 1995;Rudzińska and Sulgostowska 1996;Franc et al 1998;Alcaíno et al 2002;Durden et al 2005;Rinaldi et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Although still not well understood, our findings support observations from several regions throughout Europe and elsewhere that the higher frequency of C. canis is usually associated with inhabiting rural settings, living in kennels, or being kept outdoors, in contrast to dogs from residential habitats. Thus, the prevalence rate may be less dependent upon the general climatic conditions than upon habitats (Piotrowski and Połomska 1975;Haarløv and Kristensen 1977;Kristensen et al 1978;Müller and Kutschmann 1985;Müller 1986;Koutinas et al 1995;Rudzińska and Sulgostowska 1996;Alcaíno et al 2002;Durden et al 2005;Gracia et al 2008). While X. cheopis and P. irritans were collected just from one dog each by Koutinas et al (1995), the latter species was observed more frequently than C. canis by Christodoulopoulos et al (2006) who examined dogs in 64 farms in central and southern Greece that had a history of P. irritans infestation in their goats (Christodoulopoulos and Theodoropoulos 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ectoparasites of dogs and cats in Albania

Xhaxhiu

Kusi²,

Rapti

et al. 2009

Parasitol Res

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One hundred eighty-one dogs and 26 short-hair cats from suburban areas around Tirana, Albania were examined for ectoparasite infestation. The dogs were examined on several occasions from 2005 through 2009 representing three seasons: winter (December-February), spring (March-May), and summer (June-August); the cats were examined in late autumn (November). In addition, deep ear swab specimens of 30 dogs were examined for ear mites. The arthropod ectoparasite fauna of the dogs included two tick species (Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Ixodes ricinus), three mite species (Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis, Otodectes cynotis, and Demodex canis), three flea species (Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides felis, and Pulex irritans), and one louse species (Trichodectes canis). In the dogs, rates of infestation were 23.8% for R. sanguineus, 0.6% for I. ricinus, 4.4% for S. scabiei var. canis, 6.7% for O. cynotis, 0.6% for D. canis, 75.7% for C. canis, 5.0% for C. felis, 8.3% for P. irritans, and 6.6% for T. canis. Mixed infestation with two or three species of ectoparasites was recorded on 38.1% of the dogs. Fleas infested 75.7% dogs (geometric mean, 3.96; range, 1-80) and were observed in winter, spring, and summer with increasing prevalences of 64.3%, 75.9%, and 100%. Ticks parasitized 24.3% of the dogs (geometric mean, 0.41; range, 1-331). R. sanguineus ticks were recorded on 34.2% and 50% of the dogs examined in spring and summer, respectively, but were absent on the dogs during winter except for a single I. ricinus specimen observed. Prevalence of infestation with R. sanguineus, S. scabiei var. canis, C. felis, P. irritans, and T. canis did not differ between dogs< or = 6 months and dogs > 6 months of age; however, prevalence of infestation with C. canis was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in dogs > 6 months old. There was no difference between the sexes for the prevalences of infestation with those parasites. The examination of the cats revealed infestation with only one species of ectoparasite, C. felis (prevalence, 100%; geometric mean, 2.5; range, 1-9).

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Flea species from dogs in three cities of Chile

Cited by 42 publications

References 5 publications

Ectoparasites of dogs in home environments on the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica

Ectoparasites of dogs in home environments on the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica

Flea and ticks species from dogs in urban and rural areas in four districts in Chile

Ectoparasites of dogs and cats in Albania

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