Flavor-specific enhancement of electronic cigarette liquid consumption and preference in mice

Wong, A. L.; McElroy, S.M.; Robinson, JM; Mulloy, SM; Banna, F. K. El; Harris, AC; LeSage, MG; Lee, A.M.

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107995

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Alternatively, it is possible that the sensory components of flavorants are necessary to fully appreciate the effect of flavorants on nicotine reward, particularly among females. In fact, a recent publication also found that fruit, but not tobacco flavored e-liquids enhanced nicotine consumption in adult male mice (Wong et al, 2020). Despite this increase in oral nicotine consumption, they detected no enhancement of nicotine conditioned place preference when e-cig flavorants were injected intraperitoneally, suggesting that in that case, orosensory factors and not pharmacological factors enhanced voluntary nicotine consumption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Exposure to fruit-flavoring during adolescence increases nicotine consumption and promotes dose escalation

Patten

Dreier

Herman

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The rise of e-cigarette popularity has sparked interest in the role of palatable flavors on nicotine use. Despite growing evidence that sweet flavorants enhance nicotine reward, their influence on nicotine consumption has not been studied extensively. In addition, the impact that flavored nicotine use in adolescence could have on nicotine reward and dependence in adulthood remains unclear. This study examined the role of flavored nicotine access on nicotine preference and consumption longitudinally, from adolescence to adulthood. Male and female adolescent mice preferred a fruit-flavored nicotine solution. However, only adolescent female mice with access to flavored nicotine consumed higher doses. Furthermore, while adolescent male mice escalated consumption of both flavored and unflavored nicotine, female mice only escalated when given access to flavored nicotine. As mice matured into adulthood, there was no evidence that a history of flavored-nicotine access altered preference for unflavored nicotine. However, when the nicotine concentration was reduced, mice that had consumed strawberry-flavored nicotine in adolescence maintained baseline nicotine consumption levels longer than mice that initiated nicotine use without flavor in adolescence. Finally, addition of fruit-flavorants into the nicotine solution during adulthood led to increased levels of nicotine consumption, regardless of previous flavored-nicotine access or of familiarity with the selected flavorant. These results indicate that flavorants increase nicotine consumption independent of life stage, possibly posing a disproportionate risk to adolescent females. Our results also point to an effect of adolescent flavored-nicotine use on nicotine dose maintenance in adulthood, which could have implications for the success of future quit attempts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Exposure to fruit-flavoring during adolescence increases nicotine consumption and promotes dose escalation

Patten

Dreier

Herman

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…However, vanilla does not enhance operant responding for oral nicotine, suggesting that it does not impact nicotine’s reinforcing properties ( Tannous et al, 2021 ). Similarly, adolescent and adult mice alike prefer fruit-flavored solutions over nicotine alone or tobacco-flavored solutions ( Wong et al, 2020 ; Patten et al, 2021 ). Only one of these studies examined sex differences and found that while both sexes prefer a strawberry + nicotine solution over nicotine only, adolescent females tend to show greater preference than adolescent males in this effect ( Patten et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Characterizing Flavors Have Distinct Sensory Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemosensory Contributions of E-Cigarette Additives on Nicotine Use

Johnson

Patten

et al. 2022

Front. Neurosci.

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While rates of smoking combustible cigarettes in the United States have trended down in recent years, use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has dramatically increased, especially among adolescents. The vast majority of e-cigarette users consume “flavored” products that contain a variety of chemosensory-rich additives, and recent literature suggests that these additives have led to the current “teen vaping epidemic.” This review, covering research from both human and rodent models, provides a comprehensive overview of the sensory implications of e-cigarette additives and what is currently known about their impact on nicotine use. In doing so, we specifically address the oronasal sensory contributions of e-cigarette additives. Finally, we summarize the existing gaps in the field and highlight future directions needed to better understand the powerful influence of these additives on nicotine use.

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“…Two bottle choice studies have also been used to investigate tobacco and fruit flavored nicotine consumption and preference. Mice showed a preference for nicotine-free tobacco e-liquid solutions (Classic American Tobacco in 50/50 PG/VG, NicVape.com) over nicotine alone and nicotine-containing tobacco e-liquid solutions [ 50 ]. However, no observable difference in choice was seen between nicotine-containing tobacco e-liquid solution and nicotine alone, suggesting that tobacco flavoring does not mitigate nicotine aversion.…”

Section: Animal Models To Investigate the Impact Of Flavors On Nicoti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mice preferentially consumed nicotine-containing fruit flavored e-liquid (Retro Fruit Twist or Drops in 50/50 PG/VG, NicVape.com) over nicotine-alone at all concentrations of nicotine (30, 50, 75, 100, and 200 µg/mL) and over non-nicotine containing e-liquid solutions at all concentrations of nicotine except 200 µg/mL. The observed increase in preference does not seem to be due to the fruit-flavoring itself but rather to the combination of fruit-flavored e-liquid and nicotine [ 50 ].…”

Section: Animal Models To Investigate the Impact Of Flavors On Nicoti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, i.p. injections of fruit and tobacco-flavored e-liquids did not produce an enhancement of nicotine CPP but increased nicotine in a 2-bottle choice paradigm when added to an oral nicotine solution [ 50 ]. The advantages and limitations of CPP and CPA are summarized in Table 9 .…”

Section: Animal Models To Investigate the Impact Of Flavors On Nicoti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Animal Models to Investigate the Impact of Flavors on Nicotine Addiction and Dependence

Bağdaş

Kebede

Zepei

et al. 2022

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Background: Tobacco use in humans is a long-standing public health concern. Flavors are common additives in tobacco and alternative tobacco products, added to mask nicotine’s harsh orosensory effects and increase the appeal of these products. Animal models are integral for investigating nicotine use and addiction, and are helpful for understanding effects of flavor additives on the use of nicotine delivery products. Objective: This review focuses on preclinical models to evaluate the contribution of flavor additives to nicotine addiction. Materials and Methods: An electronic literature search was conducted by authors up to May 2022. Original articles were selected. Results: The behavioral models of rodents described here capture multiple dimensions of human flavored nicotine use behaviors including advantages and disadvantages. Conclusion: The consensus of the literature search was that human research on nicotine use behavior has not caught up with fast-changing product innovations, marketing practices, and federal regulations. Animal models are therefore needed to investigate mechanisms underlying nicotine use and addiction. This review provides a comprehensive overview of animal models that can be used to investigate the effects of flavors on nicotine use behaviors.

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Flavor-specific enhancement of electronic cigarette liquid consumption and preference in mice

Cited by 16 publications

References 47 publications

Exposure to fruit-flavoring during adolescence increases nicotine consumption and promotes dose escalation

Exposure to fruit-flavoring during adolescence increases nicotine consumption and promotes dose escalation

Chemosensory Contributions of E-Cigarette Additives on Nicotine Use

Animal Models to Investigate the Impact of Flavors on Nicotine Addiction and Dependence

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