Flavonoids from Ziziphus jujuba Mill var. spinosa

Cheng, Gong; Bai, Yanjing; Zhao, Yi; Tao, Jing; Lü, Yi; Tu, Guangzhong; Ma, Li; Liao, Ning; Xu, Xiaojie

doi:10.1016/s0040-4020(00)00842-5

Cited by 196 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The compounds 1, 3 and 5 exist as rotamers (Cheng et al, 2000). Dried jujube fruit has been found to contain ten different triterpenic acids like ceanothenic, alphitolic, zizyberanal, zizyberanalic, epiceanothic, ceanothenic, betulinic (BA), oleanolic (OA), …”

Section: Ziziphusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyphenols derived from four indigenous Indian fruits for cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy

Sutapa¹,

Vansh²,

Agarwal³

et al. 2016

J. Med. Plants Res.

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Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide, including developing and underdeveloped nations. Mortality and morbidity data suggest that incidences are higher than those of the cardiovascular diseases. High cost and occurrence of numerous side and adverse effects associated with conventional anticancer regimes has necessitated shifting the focus towards the practice of traditional alternative and complementary medicine. Emerging evidence on the beneficial link of dietary components with lower cancer occurrence has been instrumental in determining the course of cancerrelated studies. Consumption of fruits rich in polyphenols has proven to inhibit the process of carcinogenesis and tumor growth, with positive outcomes in terms of survival and quality of life of the patient and thus should be encouraged to combat cancer. The objective of the present review is to highlight the underlying mechanisms of apoptosis induced by the different polyphenolic constituents in four Indian fruits, namely litchi, Indian gooseberry, Indian blackberry and Ziziphus jujube. However, it must be kept in mind that benefits of consuming fruits rich in polyphenols should not be over-judged through food fortification or supplementation with these active principles. Conclusive evidence of the beneficial effects is yet to come through future studies in humans since most of the data have been obtained from in vitro studies.

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Section: Ziziphusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyphenols derived from four indigenous Indian fruits for cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy

Sutapa¹,

Vansh²,

Agarwal³

et al. 2016

J. Med. Plants Res.

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“…These pure compounds were developed after spraying the TLC chromatogram (stationary phase: silica gel; mobile phase: ethyl acetate/methanol/ water/acetic acid 80:10:5:5 v/v) with NP/PEG, a characteristic reagent for flavonoid identification: isovitexin (Rf value of 0.80), iso orientin (Rf value of 0.50), swertisin (Rf value of 0.90) and swertiajaponin (Rf value of 0.65). Thus, the compounds were analyzed by 1 H, 13 C-NMR, HMQC and HMBC techniques and the data were compared with literature (Cheng et al 2000, Kumarasamy et al 2004). The thin layer chromatography on silica gel 60 F254 (Merck) with authentic standards (SigmaAldrich) was run for identification of aminoacids and sugars.…”

Section: Purificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxic Maillard byproducts in current phytopharmaceutical preparations of Echinodorus grandiflorus

Lima

Waldhelm

Alves

et al. 2014

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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Extracts of Echinodorus grandiflorus obtained from dried leaves by three different techniques were evaluated by bacterial lysogenic induction assay (Inductest) in relation to their genotoxic properties. Before being added to test cultures, extracts were sterilized either by steam sterilization or ultraviolet light. Only the extracts prepared by infusion and steam sterilized have shown genotoxic activity. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of the flavonoids isovitexin, isoorientin, swertisin and swertiajaponin, isolated from a genotoxic fraction. They were assayed separately and tested negative in the Inductest protocol. The development of browning color and sweet smell in extracts submitted to heat, prompted further chemical analysis in search for Maillard´s reaction precursors. Several aminoacids and reducing sugars were cast in the extract. The presence of characteristic Maillard´s melanoidins products was determined by spectrophotometry in the visible region and the inhibition of this reaction was observed when its characteristic inhibitor, sodium bisulfite, was added prior to heating. Remarkably, this is the first paper reporting on the appearance of such compounds in a phytomedicine preparation under a current phytopharmaceutical procedure. The genotoxic activity of such heat-prepared infusions imply in some risk of developing degenerative diseases for patients in long-term, uncontrolled use of such phytomedicines.

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“…Flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids were previously reported as isolated from the seeds of Z. jujuba. [4][5][6] On the other hand, Z. mauritiana Lam., an evergreen shrub up to 15 m height, is distributed in the southern China. It is also widely growing throughout low-latitudes of Asia, Africa and Australia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%