Flavonoids Fraction of Mespilus Germanica Alleviates Insulin Resistance in Metabolic Syndrome Model of Ovariectomized Rats via Reduction in Tumor Necrosis Factor-α

Abstract

ObjectivesThe rate of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in women diagnosed as they age is one of the main concerns of health cares. Recently new strategies used to prevent progressions of MetS toward the diagnosis of diabetes have focused on plant flavonoids. This study was aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of flavonoids fraction of Mespilus germanica leaves (MGL) on MetS in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.MethodsTwenty-four adult female Wistar rats, weighing 200 to 250 g, were divided into 3 groups: Sham surgery, OVX + Salin, or OVX + Flavonoid. Three weeks after ovariectomy, animals displayed MetS criteria received flavonoid injection (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) for 21 days. Then the body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, visceral fat, fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, lipid profiles and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured.ResultsTreatment with flavonoids fraction of MGL significantly decreased serum level of insulin (P = 0.011), glucose (P = 0.024), TNF-α (P = 0.010), also MetS Z score (P = 0.020) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (P = 0.007). Lipid profiles and visceral fat showed insignificant reduction.ConclusionsFlavonoids of MGL attenuates some of the MetS components possibly via reduction in TNF-α inflammatory cytokine.

Estrogenic and Antioxidant Activities of Pterocarpus soyauxii (Fabaceae) Heartwood Aqueous Extract in Bilateral Oophorectomized Wistar Rat

“…In addition to genital atrophy, oophorectomy resulted in an increase of relative weight of abdominal fat, weight gain, and insulin resistance correlated with dyslipidaemia and an increased atherogenic index, similar to studies carried by Somayeh et al [ 47 ] and Dzeufiet et al [ 11 ]. Indeed, estrogen deficiency increases lipoprotein lipase activity, leading to blood fatty acids accumulation, and thus dyslipidaemia [ 48 ].…”

Exercise Training Improves Memory Performance in Older Adults: A Narrative Review of Evidence and Possible Mechanisms

“…The second beneficial effect of exercise, takes place via activating phosphoinositide 3-kinase and translocating the glucose transporter type 4 into the skeletal muscles (Vega et al, 2017), and the third mechanism mediated by adipokines (Beavers et al, 2010). One of the pro-inflammatory adipokines, is TNFα which leads to insulin resistance, and induces a chronic state of local inflammation in rats with diabetes or metabolic syndrome (Samarghandian et al, 2016;Kouhestani et al, 2018). TNF-α also contributes to cognitive decline in AD patients by elevating oxidative stress and apoptosis (Perry et al, 2007;Janelsins et al, 2008).…”

Exercise training modulates adipokine dysregulations in metabolic syndrome

“… 158 , 159 A parallel increase in both TNF-α and insulin resistance, together with visceral fat accumulation has been also found in rats model of MetS. 160 , 161 It has been known that TNF- α induces insulin resistance in the skeletal muscles by promoting fatty acids incorporation into triacylglycerol via increasing several kinases. 162 Some of these stress-related kinases, perpetuate a positive feedback mechanism for more TNF- α production, and promote chronic insulin resistance.…”