“…Upon stimulation, NF-κB dissociates from the complex (NF-κB-IκB), translocates into the nucleus and subsequently enhances the transcriptional activation of target genes including IL-6, iNOS, TNF-α and COX-2 (Baldwin, 1996). Cytokines that are induced by NF-κB, particularly, IL-6 and IL-1β, can also directly activate the NF-κB pathway, thus establishing a positive auto regulatory loop that can augment the inflammatory response (Mantovani, Allavena, Sica, & Balkwill, 2008;Peng et al, 2019). Previous studies showed that ACNs have antiinflammatory activity by inhibiting the release of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β (Freitas et al, 2018;Hartati, Widjanarko, Widyaningsih, & Rifa'i, 2017).…”