Antitumor monoclonal antibodies have shown clinical promise as cancer cell surface targeting agents. More tumor targeting antibodies are likely to be approved by the FDA in the next few years. However, there are two major limitations in antibody-targeted therapy: large size and nonspecific uptake of the antibody molecules by the liver and the reticuloendothelial system. These result in poor tumor penetration of antibody pharmaceuticals and dose-limiting toxicity to the liver and bone marrow. Peptides are excellent alternative targeting agents for human cancers, and they may alleviate some of the problems with antibody targeting. In the last decade, several investigators have successfully used combinatorial library methods to discover cell surface binding peptides that may be useful for cancer targeting. The phage-display library technique and the "one-bead one-compound" combinatorial library method are the two approaches that have been used. Cancer cell surface receptors or endothelial cell surface receptors of the neovasculature are the two popular therapeutic targets for cancer. Results from preclinical studies with some peptides are encouraging in their targeting potential.
Our data demonstrate the anti-angiogenic effect of lycopene both in vitro and in vivo. The anti-angiogenic activity of lycopene may involve inhibition of MMP-2/uPA system through VEGFR2-mediated PI3K-Akt and ERK/p38 signaling pathways.
Juglone can increase the expression of apoptotic molecules in mitochondrial pathway and death receptor pathway by activating JNK/c-Jun pathway, thus inducing apoptosis of cervical cancer cells.
Dental school graduates operating on patients without having had sufficient practice in school is potentially dangerous to the patients. In order to minimize this danger, it is necessary to establish a virtual learning environment for students. In this study, we incorporated DentSim, a clinical dentistry simulator, into an e-Learning platform. In addition to overcoming the time and space constraints on learning, DentSim can simulate clinical conditions. It also allows students to practice reading case histories and inspecting and diagnosing patients. To construct the research model for this study, we incorporated the four major factors for measuring e-Learner satisfaction-'learner interface', 'learning community', 'content' and 'personalization' with the variable of 'intention to use'. The subjects were 350 dental students studying at the College of Oral Medicine. The structural equation modeling (SEM) results showed that Factors that influenced 'intention to use' include 'learner interface', 'learning community' and 'personalization', and 'intention to use' affect 'e-Learner satisfaction' with the system.
During the time over which the data for a regional hydrogeocheimical survey are collected, the physical and chemical attributes of the ground‐water flow regime may exhibit appreciable temporal variation. A case study is presented in which the temporal variance of many physical and chemical attributes of ground water at single locations was close to or even exceeded the spatial variance of concentrations measured over the region at a single point in time. Thus, the results of a multivariate analysis of the spatial variability could have led to incorrect inferences had the regional sampling not been done within a period of time that was short enough so that no appreciable temporal variation occurred. A methodology using both spectral and multi variate analyses was used in determining: (a) the window of time allowable in collecting the water samples so that the temporal variability of the attributes did not affect the spatial analyses, and (b) the dominant factors that explain the spatial variability of physical and chemical attributes at that particular period in time.
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