Flavonoids and cardiovascular risk factors: a review

Alayoud, Ahmed

doi:10.36118/pharmadvances.2021.11

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 205 publications

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“…Similarly, orientin (9) was at 289.1 mg/g and was determined as the secondmost abundant constituent in the rainy season, followed by 281.9 mg/g in the winter season and 258.5 mg/g in the summer season. Similarly, the contents of 24.4 mg/g for vitexin (10), 32.1 mg/g for isovitexin (11), 5.8 mg/g for luteolin-7-O-glucoside (14), 2.9 mg/g for quercetin (15), and 5.1 mg/g for luteolin (16) were determined in the rainy season. Meanwhile, the quantities of catechin (4) and epicatechin (6) were 2.5 mg/g and 27.4 mg/g, respectively, in the summer season.…”

Section: Seasonal Variation Analysis Of Compounds In C Scarabaeoidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polyphenols or flavonoids are rich in fruits, vegetables, and plants. They reduce the risk of many ailments such as diabetes and neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases 15,16 . They are also associated with a broad spectrum of pharmacological and biological activities 17,18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They reduce the risk of many ailments such as diabetes and neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. 15,16 They are also associated with a broad spectrum of pharmacological and biological activities. 17,18 Although this plant has tested positive for various classes of compounds, it remains phytochemically unexplored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The characterization and quantification of structures of Cajanus scarabaeoides phytochemicals and their seasonal variation analysis using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Rawat

Singh

Tiwari

et al. 2022

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale Cajanus scarabaeoides, belonging to the Fabaceae family, is an underutilized herb and traditionally used to treat several ailments. However, it is not well explored phytochemically. Therefore, mass spectrometry (MS)–based phytochemical analysis was carried out to investigate the bioactive ingredients of the herb. Methods A ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to photodiode array detection (PDA) and electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐PDA‐ESI–MS/MS) system was used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytochemicals. The chromatographic separation was achieved on the Acquity BEH C18 column (150 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) using a gradient system consisting of three solvents, acetonitrile, methanol, and 0.1% formic acid, used at a flow rate of 0.300 ml/min. Results Sixteen bioactive ingredients (gallic acid, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, catechin, procyanidin dimer, epicatechin, procyanidin trimer, isoorientin, orientin, vitexin, isovitexin, quercetin‐mono‐O‐glycoside, isoquercitrin, luteolin‐7‐O‐glucoside, quercetin, and luteolin) were identified and structurally characterized. Consequently, 12 compounds were reported for the first time from C. scarabaeoides, and 13 were quantitatively determined in different seasons. Isoorientin (10.2–7.1% w/w) and orientin (5.78–5.17% w/w) were the most abundant constituents in the dry weight of plant material, followed by vitexin and isovitexin in the rainy season. Conclusions The phytochemical investigation has revealed that C. scarabaeoides could be a potential alternate source of bioactive ingredients, namely, isoorientin, orientin, vitexin, and isovitexin, contributing to further exploration of its biological activity. In addition, analytical methods can be used for the rapid identification and quantification of bioactive ingredients in C. scarabaeoides.

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Section: Seasonal Variation Analysis Of Compounds In C Scarabaeoidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The characterization and quantification of structures of Cajanus scarabaeoides phytochemicals and their seasonal variation analysis using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Rawat

Singh

Tiwari

et al. 2022

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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“…Flavonoids structurally display a diphenylpropane skeleton made up of 15 carbon atoms arranged into two 6‐carbon rings (named A‐ and B‐rings) linked via an oxygen‐containing, heterocyclic benzopyran C‐ring (Figure 2). Based on the oxidation and saturation of the C ring or the position of the B‐ring, flavonoids are classified into eight classes: flavone, flavonol, flavanone, flavanonol, isoflavone, flavan‐3‐ol, anthocyanidin, and chalcone (Figure 2) (Ahmed, 2021). Flavonoids are further expanded by different substitutions on A‐ and B‐rings, namely, methylation, acylation, prenylation and, most commonly, hydroxylation and glycosylation, which markedly influence their solubility, stability, and pharmacological activities (Ahmed, 2021; Alfaridz & Amalia, 2018).…”

Section: Overview Of Flavonoids: Chemistry and Natural Occurencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the oxidation and saturation of the C ring or the position of the B‐ring, flavonoids are classified into eight classes: flavone, flavonol, flavanone, flavanonol, isoflavone, flavan‐3‐ol, anthocyanidin, and chalcone (Figure 2) (Ahmed, 2021). Flavonoids are further expanded by different substitutions on A‐ and B‐rings, namely, methylation, acylation, prenylation and, most commonly, hydroxylation and glycosylation, which markedly influence their solubility, stability, and pharmacological activities (Ahmed, 2021; Alfaridz & Amalia, 2018). Flavonoids are synthesized in the roots, stems and leaves and can be obtained from fruits, vegetables, grains, bark, flowers, tea and wine (Panche et al, 2016).…”

Section: Overview Of Flavonoids: Chemistry and Natural Occurencementioning

confidence: 99%

Current insights and future perspectives of flavonoids: A promising antihypertensive approach

Harahap,

Syahputra,

Ahmed

et al. 2024

Phytotherapy Research

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Hypertension, or high blood pressure (BP), is a complex disease influenced by various risk factors. It is characterized by persistent elevation of BP levels, typically exceeding 140/90 mmHg. Endothelial dysfunction and reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability play crucial roles in hypertension development. L‐NG‐nitro arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME), an analog of L‐arginine, inhibits endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) enzymes, leading to decreased NO production and increased BP. Animal models exposed to L‐NAME manifest hypertension, making it a useful design for studying the hypertension condition. Natural products have gained interest as alternative approaches for managing hypertension. Flavonoids, abundant in fruits, vegetables, and other plant sources, have potential cardiovascular benefits, including antihypertensive effects. Flavonoids have been extensively studied in cell cultures, animal models, and, to lesser extent, in human trials to evaluate their effectiveness against L‐NAME‐induced hypertension. This comprehensive review summarizes the antihypertensive activity of specific flavonoids, including quercetin, luteolin, rutin, troxerutin, apigenin, and chrysin, in L‐NAME‐induced hypertension models. Flavonoids possess antioxidant properties that mitigate oxidative stress, a major contributor to endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. They enhance endothelial function by promoting NO bioavailability, vasodilation, and the preservation of vascular homeostasis. Flavonoids also modulate vasoactive factors involved in BP regulation, such as angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) and endothelin‐1. Moreover, they exhibit anti‐inflammatory effects, attenuating inflammation‐mediated hypertension. This review provides compelling evidence for the antihypertensive potential of flavonoids against L‐NAME‐induced hypertension. Their multifaceted mechanisms of action suggest their ability to target multiple pathways involved in hypertension development. Nonetheless, the reviewed studies contribute to the evidence supporting the useful of flavonoids for hypertension prevention and treatment. In conclusion, flavonoids represent a promising class of natural compounds for combating hypertension. This comprehensive review serves as a valuable resource summarizing the current knowledge on the antihypertensive effects of specific flavonoids, facilitating further investigation and guiding the development of novel therapeutic strategies for hypertension management.

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Flavonoids: Food associations, therapeutic mechanisms, metabolism and nanoformulations

Kaushal

Singh

Sangwan

2022

Food Research International

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Flavonoids and cardiovascular risk factors: a review

Cited by 9 publications

References 205 publications

The characterization and quantification of structures of Cajanus scarabaeoides phytochemicals and their seasonal variation analysis using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

The characterization and quantification of structures of Cajanus scarabaeoides phytochemicals and their seasonal variation analysis using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Current insights and future perspectives of flavonoids: A promising antihypertensive approach

Flavonoids: Food associations, therapeutic mechanisms, metabolism and nanoformulations

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