Flavonoids and biological activities of various extracts from Rosa sempervirens leaves

Abstract

Rosa sempervirens L. (Rosaceae) growing wildly in Turkey is used in folk medicine for various indications. Here, we report the isolation of four flavonoids and determination of the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of various extracts from R. sempervirens leaves. Antioxidant activity was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl 3 methods, respectively. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the broth microdilution method against seven microbial species. The ethyl acetate extract (E) had significant antioxidant activity with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) values of 3.96 in the DPPH and 2.92 mg/mL in the ABTS assay. The total phenolic (203.8 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract) and total flavonoid (95.81 mg catechin equivalents/g extract) contents of the E extract were significantly higher as compared to other extracts. The E extract exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 39 mg/mL. Quercetin 3-xyloside, quercitrin and hyperoside were isolated from the E extract and quercetin, from the chloroform extract, and quercetin and hyperoside were identified for the first time in this species. Quercitrin was found to be a major compound in the E extract. Antimicrobial activity of R. sempervirens was also reported for the first time. These results indicate that the E extract has significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, probably due to flavonoids as well as other phenolic compounds in the E extract, acting individually or in combination.

LC‐DAD‐ESI‐MS and HPLC‐DAD phytochemical investigation and in vitro antioxidant assessment of Rosa sp. stem pruning products from different northern areas in Tunisia

“…Several studies have reported the affinity of Rosa antioxidant activity towards the external and internal factors. According to Bitis et al ., R. sempervirens leaves showed considerable high radical‐scavenging effect (DPPH and TEAC) by their EtOAc extracts. D'angiolillo et al .…”

“…It was previously reported that Rosa species exhibited an important antioxidant power and could be considered a potential solution for the production of natural antioxidants and functional food nutriments. 6,23,39,40 Furthermore, Rosa extract valorisation should make allowance for the ecological variation of plant origins and their influence on phenolic composition and antioxidant abilities. 2,34 This variation could be useful for the choice of suitable species or genotypes in future studies of plant selection.…”

Characterization of Free and Bound Phenolic Acids and Flavonoid Aglycones in Rosa rugosa Thunb. Leaves and Achenes Using LC–ESI–MS/MS–MRM Methods

“…The large amounts of rose leaves and achenes constituting an interesting raw material for potential application are obtained from rose plantations every year. Although these rose organs are still being treated as plantation by-products and often discarded without any utilization, the interest in their potential use for commercial purposes (e.g., for preparation of nutraceuticals, functional foods, or pharmaceutical products) has continued to grow in recent years [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Moreover, rose leaves have been used in folk medicine to cure bronchitis and were found to exhibit anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-nociceptive activities [22,23].…”

Skin anti‐inflammatory activity of rose petal extract (Rosa gallica) through reduction of MAPK signaling pathway

“…The Rosa ( R .) species is widely distributed plants, and is used as a medicinal herb against nephritis and hemorrhoids (Bitis et al., 2017; Caliskan, Aka, & Oz, 2017). Because of the presence of various terpenes (glycosides), flavonoids, and anthocyanins (Knapp et al., 1998; Kumar, Bhandari, Singh, Gupta, & Kaul, 2008; Oka et al., 1998; Schieber, Mihalev, Berardini, Mollov, & Carle, 2005), roses were proposed to display diverse biological activities.…”

“…been regarded as good dietary sources owing to their various beneficial elements, such as phenolic acids, flavonols, and anthocyanins (Navarro-Gonzalez et al, 2015); beneficial properties of flowers have been well-defined, including antioxidant properties (Krishnaiah et al, 2011;Kumar et al, 2009;Masek et al, 2017;Mohebitabar et al, 2017). The Rosa (R.) species is widely distributed plants, and is used as a medicinal herb against nephritis and hemorrhoids (Bitis et al, 2017;Caliskan, Aka, & Oz, 2017). Because of the presence of various terpenes (glycosides), flavonoids, and anthocyanins (Knapp et al, 1998;Kumar, Bhandari, Singh, Gupta, & Kaul, 2008;Oka et al, 1998;Schieber, Mihalev, Berardini, Mollov, & Carle, 2005), roses were proposed to display diverse biological activities.…”